small	versal / cap	tangenter \| key strokes	genväg \| shortcut	Unicode description
ʾ		Alt-’,’		modifier letter right half ring (glottal stop; arabic letter hamza; hebrew ʾālæf)
ʿ		Alt-’.’		modifier letter left half ring (voiced pharyngeal fricative; arabic letter ʿayn; hebrew ʿayin)
ʔ		Shift-Alt-’,’		latin letter glottal stop (arabic hamza; hebrew ʾālæf)
ʕ		Shift-Alt-’.’		latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative (arabic ʿayn; hebrew ʿayin)
ā	Ā	a+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’a’	latin letter a with macron
æ	Æ	ae+Ctrl-’2’	Alt-’ä’	latin letter ae (digraph)
ǣ	Ǣ	Alt-’ä’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter ae with macron
ḇ	Ḇ	b+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter b with line below
ƀ		b+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter b with stroke
ḏ	Ḏ	d+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter d with line below
đ	Đ	d+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter d with stroke
ḍ	Ḍ	d+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’d’	latin letter d with dot below
ḏ̣	Ḏ̣	d+Ctrl-’-.’		latin letter d with line below and combining dot below
ē	Ē	e+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’e’	latin letter e with macron
ə	Ə	Alt-’e’		latin letter schwa
ᵊ		Alt-’e’+’§’		modifier letter small schwa
ḡ	Ḡ	g+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter g with macron
ġ	Ġ	g+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’g’	latin letter g with dot above
ǧ	Ǧ	g+’◌̂’	Alt-’g’	latin letter g with caron
ḥ	Ḥ	h+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’h’	latin letter h with dot below
ḫ	Ḫ	h+Shift-Ctrl-’-’	Alt-’h’	latin letter h with breve below
ī	Ī	i+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’i’	latin letter i with macron
ḵ	Ḵ	k+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter k with line below
ḳ	Ḳ	k+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter k with dot below
ō	Ō	o+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’o’	latin letter o with macron
p̄	P̄	p+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter p with macron
ś	Ś	s+’◌́’		latin letter s with acute
s̀	S̀	s+’◌̀’		latin letter s with grave
ṣ	Ṣ	s+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’s’	latin letter s with dot below
š	Š	s+’◌̂’	Alt-’s’	latin letter s with caron
s¹	S¹	s+’1§’		latin letter s with superscript one
s²	S²	s+’2§’		latin letter s with superscript two
s³	S³	s+’3§’		latin letter s with superscript three
s₁	S₁	s+’1§§’		latin letter s with subscript one
s₂	S₂	s+’2§§’		latin letter s with subscript two
s₃	S₃	s+’3§§’		latin letter s with subscript three
ṯ	Ṯ	t+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter t with line below
ṭ	Ṭ	t+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’t’	latin letter t with dot below
ṯ̣	Ṯ̣	t+Ctrl-’-.’ / t+Ctrl-’.-’		latin letter t with line below and combining dot below
ū	Ū	u+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’u’	latin letter u with macron
ẓ	Ẓ	z+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’z’	latin letter z with dot below

2.Innan du börjar skriva / Before typing with LingfilSemitica

2.1 Paketfilen LingfilSemitica.kmp / Contents of the package file

LingfilSemitica.kmx	tangentbordslayouten LingfilSemitica/ the keyboard layout LingfilSemitica
LingfilSemitica.kvk	tablå över tangenternas placering (visar de tecken som är tillgängliga genom en enda samtidig tryckning av en eller flera tangenter)/ on-screen keyboard for Keyman Desktop (shows those characters that are available by one single touch of one or several keys)
readme.htm	första info om installation/first info on installation
readme-sw.htm	första info om installation (på Svenska)/first info on installation (in Swedish)
welcome.htm	den här filen / the present file
LingfilSemitica.ico	ikon som visas i Windows aktivitetsfält när LingfilSemitica är aktiverat (Sm)/icon shown in Windows taskbar notification area when LingfilSemitica is active (Sm)

2.2 Installation

Först måste programmet Keyman Desktop vara installerat i datorn. Dubbelklicka på filen LingfilSemitica.kmp. Då installeras 1) tangentbordslayouten LingfilSemitica, 2) ”on-screen keyboard” (som visar vad tangenterna betyder), 3) ikonen (Sm) som visar när LingfilSemitica är inkopplat.

The program Keyman Desktop must be preinstalled on your computer. Double-click on LingfilSemitica.kmp. The new keyboard layout will be installed in Keyman Desktop as well as the on-screen keyboard, and the icon (Sm) that shows up when LingfilSemitica is active.

2.3 Rekommenderade inställningar i Keyman Desktop / Suggested configurations in Keyman Desktop

Rekommenderade inställningar i Keyman Desktop (anges av användaren i ”configuration”) / Suggested configurations in Keyman Desktop (to be assigned in ”configuration”).

a) Snabbkommandon / Short-cuts

Shift-Ctrl-K: Aktivera LingfilSemitica tangentbordslayout/activate LingfilSemitica keyboard layout

Shift-Ctrl-L: Stäng av Keyman Desktop/inactivate Keyman Desktop

b) Tips för ”Languages” i ”Configuration”: koppla LingfilSemitica till Windowsspråken Svenska och Engelska och andra språk med latinska alfabeten som du skriver reguljärt i. Då blir LingfilSemitica automatiskt aktiverat vid vanligt skrivande (inklusive transkription), men kopplas bort när du skriver text med andra alfabeten som arabiska eller hebreiska.

Recommendation for ”Languages” in ”Configuration”: assign LingfilSemitica to the Windows languages Swedish and English and other Latin-based languages. This means that LingfilSemitica is activated in all normal writing including transcription, but is inactivated when writing text with other alphabets like Arabic or Hebrew.

2.4 Teckensnittet Charis SIL / The font Charis SIL

LingfilSemitica har skapats och testats med utgångspunkt i teckenresurserna i Charis SIL från SIL International. Charis SIL är ett utmärkt transkriptionsteckensnitt som lämpar sig väl även för allmänt bruk. Samtliga tecken som beskrivs i denna manual finns i Charis SIL. De senaste versionerna av Times New Roman och Arial (från v. 5.0) lämpar sig också väl för transkription och innehåller de flesta transkriptionstecknen i Charis SIL.

LingfilSemitica has been created and tested with the resources of Charis SIL in mind. Charis SIL from SIL International is an excellent transcription font that is also well suited for general writing. All the characters described in the present user’s manual are available in Charis SIL. The latest versions of Times New Roman or Arial (v. 5.0 and above) are also suitable for transcription purposes and contain most of the transcription characters in Charis SIL.

Charis SIL skapar som standard ett något större radavstånd än exempelvis Times New Roman. Om ett kompakt radavstånd är viktigt kan detta åstadkommas genom att ange ett exakt radavstånd i Word: / Charis SIL requires by default a somewhat looser line spacing than e.g. Times New Roman. If this is a critical issue, the user should set line spacing in Word to an exact value:

“Our SIL Unicode Roman fonts include characters with multiple stacked diacritics that need a much looser line spacing (for example, U+1EA8 ). We cannot make the line spacing tighter without experiencing “clipping” of those characters. You may be able to overcome this by adjusting the line spacing in the application. For example, in Microsoft Word select Format / Paragraph and set the line spacing to use the Exactly setting and a value more suited to your needs. For example, if the font size is 12 pt, select line spacing of Exactly 13 pt. This will give a tighter line spacing. You can adjust the value up or down depending on how many diacritics you need to stack. With HTML you should also be able to change the line spacing; add the line-height property to your tag (“line-height:105%;” or “line-height: 12pt;”) and play around with the value until you get the spacing desired.” (SIL).

3.Principer för LingfilSemitica / General properties of LingfilSemitica

A. Tangentbordslayouten ansluter till det svenska (fysiska) tangentbordet. LingfilSemitica keyboard layout is specifically made for the national standard Swedish (hardware) keyboard. It is possible to use it with other national keyboards as well, but some keys will then be positioned differently.

B. LingfilSemitica tangentbordslayout är gjort för reguljärt skrivande, inte bara för transkription. Samtliga tangenter på ett svenskt tangentbord fungerar i största utsträckning som tecknen på tangenterna anger även när LingfilSemitica är aktiverad. ’åäöÅÄÖ’ nås t. ex. med de vanliga åäö-tangenterna. Stora ansträngningar har gjorts för att det svenska tangentbordet ska fungera ”normalt” med LingfilSemitica inkopplat. Apostrof skrivs t.ex. med tangenten märkt ’'’, akut accent skrivs med tangenten märkt ’ ́’, etc. Det är med särskilda kombinationer (t.ex. med Ctrl-och Alt) som speciella tecken skapas.

LingfilSemitica keyboard layout is made for regular writing, not only for transcription signs. All keys on the Swedish national standard (hardware) keyboard function as ”normal” with LingfilSemitica (you type åäöÅÄÖ with the usual åäö-keys). The special characters are achieved with specific key combinations (as with Ctrl-and Alt-keys).

Undantag från svensk tangentbordsstandard/exceptions from the Swedish keyboard standard:

1. Accenter etc. (s.k. diakritica) skrivs efter basbokstaven och inte före. / Accents etc. (diacritics) are written after the base character, not before it.

2. Eurotecknet (€) nås genom Alt-’5’ / The Euro sign (€) is typed by Alt-ʼ5ʼ.

C. Sammansatta tecken skrivs genom att börja med basbokstaven, sedan lägga till diakritica. Complex characters are shaped by first typing the base character, then adding the diacritics.

D. De flesta diakritiska tangenter (accenter etc.) är ”strömbrytare” eller ”loopar”: tryck en gång till så återkommer basbokstaven eller så ändras det diakritiska tecknet till ett annat tilläggstecken. Upprepa tryckningen tills basbokstaven återkommer, då har alla varianter uttömts. Most diacritic keys are ”toggles” or ”loops”: type it once again and the base character returns or the diacritic is changed in another way. You exhaust all variants by repeated typing of the accent key until the base character returns without diacritic.

Ex. 1: á skrivs genom att först skriva ’a’, sedan trycka ned akut-tangenten: steg 1: ’a’; steg 2: ’◌́’. Resultat: á [acute accent]. You write á by first typing ʼaʼ and then the acute key: Step 1: ʼaʼ, step 2: ʼ◌́ʼ; result: á [acute accent].

Ex. 2: ǧ = g+’◌̂’. Shift-’◌̈’ växlar mellan ◌̌ och ◌̂ över och även under basbokstaven [caron/circumflex]. Shift-ʼ◌̈ʼ toggles between ◌̌ and ◌̂ above and also under the base character) [caron/circumflex].

Ex. 3: â = a+’◌̂’ [caron/circumflex].

Ex. 4: ḓ = d+’◌̂’+’◌̂’+’◌̂’ [caron/circumflex].

Ex. 5: ś = s+’◌́’ [acute accent].

Ex. 6: ã = a+’◌̃’ [’a’+LAlt-’◌̃’] [tilde].

Ex. 7: ñ = n+’◌̃’ [’n’+LAlt-’◌̃’] [tilde].

Ex. 8: ᵰ = n+’◌̴’ [’n’+RAlt-’◌̴’] [middle tilde].

Ex. 9: ᵬ = b+’◌̴’ [’b’+RAlt-’◌̴’] [middle tilde].

Ex. 10: ë = e+’◌̈’ [trema/diaeresis].

E. Diakritiska tecken kan ofta kombineras. Diacritics can often be combined.

Ex.: ầ = a+’◌̂’ +’◌̀’ (see below) eller/or a+’◌̀’+’◌̂’+’◌̂’.

Sammansatta tecken i unicode / Combined characters in Unicode

Unicodestandardens uppsättning av unika separata tecken har utnyttjats i LingfilSemitica. Sammansatta tecken har använts endast när ett motsvarande unikt tecken inte funnits att tillgå i Unicode. Exempel: ḗ finns som ett enda tecken i Unicode och nås från LingfilSemitica genom att trycka ’e’ + Shift-’-’ + ’´’. Däremot finns inte ā́ som ett enda tecken i Unicode. Det ’ā́’ som fås genom att trycka ’a’ + Shift-’-’ + ’´’ är därför tekniskt sett ”sammansatt” av ’ā’ + ’´’. Skillnaden kan ha stor betydelse i program som har svårt att hantera sammansatta tecken, som t.ex. Powerpoint (upp till 2003). Användaren kan testa om ett tecken är sammansatt genom att placera markören direkt efter tecknet och trycka på BACKSPACE. Ett unikt tecken suddas ut med en enda tryckning, medan ett sammansatt försvinner stegvis, ”del för del” (vid ā́ försvinner först accenten, sedan ā).

The unicode set of unique separate characters has been fully utilized in LingfilSemitica. Combined characters (two separate signs into one shape) are formed only when a corresponding unique character does not exist in the unicode standard. Example: ḗ exists as one character in Unicode and is achieved with LingfilSemitica by typing ’e’ + Shift-’-’ + ’´’. In contrast, ā́ as one sign does not exist in Unicode. The ’ā́’ that is achieved by typing ’a’ + Shift-’-’ + ’´’ is technically speaking ”combined” by ’ā’ + ’´’. The difference is important in software programs that show difficulties handling combined characters, like Powerpoint 2003. The user can test whether a character is ”combined” or not by placing the cursor directly after the character in Word and press BACKSPACE. A unique character will be deleted in one step, but a combined character is deleted step by step (in case of ā́ the accent is deleted first, then the ā).

Version history

Most recent version of LingfilSemitica (non commercial version): 3.6.0.

New from v. 3.0: macron moved to Ctrl-’-’, breve moved to Shift-Ctrl-’-’; 3.1: IPA; 3.2: dot moved to Ctrl-’.’; 3.2.23: updated to Unicode 5.1; 3.3: digraph; 3.4: descender; 3.5: invert; 3.6: circumflex modified for vowels.

4.LingfilSemitica teckentabell / LingfilSemitica character table

Se kommentar efter tabellen. / See remarks after the table.

A Æ B C D E Ə Ɛ F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S ʃ T U V W X Y Z Ʒ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Roman Numerals Fractions

(furtherh links: IPA symbols, Editorial symbols, Mathematical symbols)

small	versal / cap	tangenter \| key strokes	genväg \| shortcut	Unicode description
ʾ		Alt-’,’		modifier letter right half ring (glottal stop; arabic letter hamza; hebrew ʾālæf)
ʿ		Alt-’.’		modifier letter left half ring (voiced pharyngeal fricative; arabic letter ʿayn; hebrew ʿayin)
ʔ		Shift-Alt-’,’		latin letter glottal stop (arabic hamza; hebrew ʾālæf)
ʕ		ʔ+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’	Shift-Alt-’.’	latin letter pharyngeal voiced fricative (arabic ʿayn; hebrew ʿayin) (latin letter reversed glottal stop)
ɂ		Shift-Alt-’,’+Ctrl-’+++’		latin small letter glottal stop
	Ɂ	Shift-Alt-’,’+Ctrl-’++’		latin capital letter glottal stop
ˀ		Shift-Ctrl-’,’+’§’		modifier letter glottal stop
ʡ		Shift-Alt-’,’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter glottal stop with stroke
ˤ		Shift-Alt-’.’+’§’		modifier letter small reversed glottal stop
ʢ		Shift-Alt-’.’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter reversed glottal stop with stroke
ʖ		Shift-Alt-’,’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’		latin letter inverted glottal stop
ƾ		Shift-Alt-’,’+Ctrl-’-’+ Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’ or ʖ+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter inverted glottal stop with stroke
ꞌ	Ꞌ	ʾ/ʔ+Ctrl-’+’		latin letter saltillo (letterlike)
a	A
á	Á	a+’◌́’		latin letter a with acute
à	À	a+’◌̀’		latin letter a with grave
ā	Ā	a+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’a’	latin letter a with macron
ạ	Ạ	a+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter a with dot below
ȧ	Ȧ	a+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter a with dot above
â	Â	a+’◌̂’		latin letter a with circumflex
ǎ	Ǎ	a+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter a with caron
ᵃ	ᴬ	a+’§’		modifier letter a
ₐ		a+’§§’		latin subscript small letter a
ă	Ă	a+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter a with breve
ȃ	Ȃ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’--’		latin letter a with inverted breve
ä	Ä	a+’◌̈’	ä	latin letter a with diaeresis
ã	Ã	a+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter a with tilde
ą	Ą	a+LAlt-’'’+LAlt-’'’		latin letter a with ogonek
ⱥ	Ⱥ	a+Ctrl-’/’		latin letter a with stroke
å	Å	a+Alt-’o’	å	latin letter a with ring above
ḁ	Ḁ	a+Alt-’oo’		latin letter a with ring below
ᴀ		A+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital a
ȁ	Ȁ	a+’◌̀◌̀’		latin letter a with double grave
ᶏ		a+LAlt-’33’		latin letter a with retroflex hook
ả	Ả	a+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter a with hook above
a͙	A͙	a+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’		latin letter a with combining asterisk below
ɐ		a+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned a
ᵄ		a+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’ or ᵃ+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		modifier letter turned a
ā́	Ā́	a+Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’ or á+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter a with macron and acute
ắ	Ắ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’		latin letter a with breve and acute
ằ	Ằ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌̀’		latin letter a with breve and grave
ẳ	Ẳ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter a with breve and hook above
ẵ	Ẵ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter a with breve and tilde
ặ	Ặ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter a with breve and dot below
ấ	Ấ	a+’◌̂◌̂’+’◌́’		latin letter a with circumflex and acute
ầ	Ầ	a+’◌̂◌̂’+’◌̀’		latin letter a with circumflex and grave
ẩ	Ẩ	a+’◌̂◌̂’+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter a with circumflex and hook above
ẫ	Ẫ	a+’◌̂◌̂’+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter a with circumflex and tilde
ậ	Ậ	a+’◌̂◌̂’+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter a with circumflex and dot below
ạ̄	Ạ̄	a+Ctrl-’-’+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter a with macron and dot below
ǡ	Ǡ	a+Ctrl-’..’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter a with dot above and macron
ª		a+’§’+Ctrl-’-’		feminine ordinal indicator (macron)
@		Alt-’2’		commercial at
ẚ		a+Ctrl-’++++++++++’		latin small letter a with right half ring (letterlike)
ǻ	Ǻ	å+’◌́’		latin letter a with ring above and acute
^å	^Å	(use Word’s superscript)		å superscript
ǟ	Ǟ	ä+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter a with diaeresis and macron
ᵃ̈	ᴬ̈	a+’§’+’◌̈’		modifier letter a with diaeresis
ɑ	Ɑ	a+Ctrl-’+++’		latin letter alpha (letterlike)
ᵅ		a+Ctrl-’+++’+’§’		modifier letter small alpha
ᶐ		a+Ctrl-’+++’+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter alpha with retroflex hook
ɒ		a+Ctrl-’+++’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’	a+Ctrl-’++++’	latin letter turned alpha
ᶛ		a+Ctrl-’+++’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small turned alpha
α		a+Ctrl-’+’		greek small letter alpha (letterlike)
ᴥ		A+Ctrl-’++++++’		latin letter ain (letterlike)
ᵜ		ᴥ+’§’		modifier letter small ain
₳		A+Ctrl-’--’		austral sign (stroke)
æ	Æ
æ	Æ	ae+Ctrl-’2’	Alt-’ä’	latin letter ae (digraph)
ǽ	Ǽ	Alt-’ä’+’◌́’		latin letter ae with acute
ǣ	Ǣ	Alt-’ä’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter ae with macron
æ̂	Æ̂	Alt-’ä’+’◌̂’		latin letter ae with combining circumflex
	ᴭ	Alt-’ä’+’§’		modifier letter ae [not a valid Unicode character]
æ̆	Æ̆	Alt-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter ae with combining breve
ᴁ		Alt-’Ä’+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital ae
ᴂ		Alt-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned ae
ᵆ		Alt-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small turned ae [not supported by Unicode]
ǣ́	Ǣ́	Alt-’ä’+Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’ / ǽ+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter ae with macron and combining acute
æ̆́	Æ̆́	Alt-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’		latin letter ae with combining breve and combining acute
b	B
ḇ	Ḇ	b+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter b with line below
ƀ		b+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter b with stroke
ḅ	Ḅ	b+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter b with dot below
ḃ	Ḃ	b+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter b with dot above
ᵇ	ᴮ	b+’§’		modifier letter b
ᵬ		b+RAlt-’~’		latin letter b with middle tilde
ʙ		B+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital b
ɓ	Ɓ	b+LAlt-’55’		latin letter b with hook
ᶀ		b+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter b with palatal hook
ƃ	Ƃ	b+Ctrl-’+++’		latin letter b with topbar (letterlike)
ᴃ		B+Ctrl-’<’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter small capital barred b
ᴯ		B+Ctrl-’<’+Ctrl-’-’+’§’		modifier letter capital barred b
β		b+Ctrl-’+’		greek small letter beta (letterlike)
ᵝ		b+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small beta
ᵦ		b+Ctrl-’+’+’§§’		greek subscript small letter beta
c	C
ć	Ć	c+’◌́’		latin letter c with acute
ċ	Ċ	c+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter c with dot above
č	Č	c+’◌̂’	Alt-’c’	latin letter c with caron
ĉ	Ĉ	c+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter c with circumflex
ᶜ		c+’§’		modifier letter small c
ç	Ç	c+LAlt-’'’		latin letter c with cedilla
ȼ	Ȼ	c+Ctrl-’/’		latin letter c with stroke
ᴄ		C+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital c
ƈ	Ƈ	c+LAlt-’55’		latin letter c with hook
		c+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter c with palatal hook [not supported by Unicode]
ɕ		c+LAlt-’22’		latin letter c with curl
ᴐ		C+Ctrl-’<’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’ or C+ Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’Ɔ+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital open o (reversed)
ḉ	Ḉ	c+LAlt-’'’+’◌́’		latin letter c with cedilla and acute
ᶝ		c+LAlt-’22’+’§’		modifier letter small c with curl
ɔ	Ɔ	c+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin letter open o (turned c)
ↄ		c+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		latin small letter reversed c
ᴒ		c+Shift-Ctrl-’++’		latin small letter sideways open o (turned c)
ᵓ		c+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small open o
ᶗ		c+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter open o with retroflex hook
ʗ		C+Ctrl-’+++’		latin letter stretched C (letterlike)
¢		C+Ctrl-’++++’		cent sign (letterlike)
₵		C+Ctrl-’+++++++’		cedi sign (letterlike)
©		(c) or ’(C)’		copyright sign
₡		C+Ctrl-’//’		colon sign (stroke)
₠		CE+Ctrl-’2’		euro-currency sign (digraph)
₢		Cr+Ctrl-’2’		cruzeiro sign (digraph)
d	D
ḏ	Ḏ	d+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter d with line below
đ	Đ	d+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter d with stroke
ð	Ð	d+Ctrl-’++’	Alt-’d’	latin letter eth (letterlike)
ḍ	Ḍ	d+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’d’	latin letter d with dot below
ḋ	Ḋ	d+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter d with dot above
ḏ̣	Ḏ̣	d+Ctrl-’-.’		latin letter d with line below and combining dot below
₫		d+Ctrl-’---’		dong sign (macron)
ď	Ď	d+’◌̂’		latin letter d with caron
ḓ	Ḓ	d+’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’		latin letter d with circumflex below
ᵈ	ᴰ	d+’§’		modifier letter d
ḑ	Ḑ	d+Ctrl-’,’ or d+Alt-’'’		latin letter d with cedilla
ᵭ		d+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter d with middle tilde
ᴅ		D+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital d
ᶞ		Alt-’d’+’§’		modifier letter small eth
ƌ	Ƌ	d+Ctrl-’+++’		latin letter d with topbar (letterlike)
ɗ	Ɗ	d+LAlt-’55’		latin letter d with hook
ᶁ		d+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter d with palatal hook
ȡ		d+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter d with curl
ɖ		d+Ctrl-’++++’		latin small letter d with tail (letterlike)
ᶑ		d+Ctrl-’++++++’		latin small letter d with hook and tail (letterlike)
ȸ		db+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter db digraph
ʣ		dz+Ctrl-’22’		latin small letter dz digraph
ǳ	Ǳ	dz+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter dz (digraph)
	ǲ	Dz+Ctrl-’2’		latin captial letter D with small letter z (digraph)
	ǅ	D+z+’◌̂’+Ctrl-’2’		latin capital letter D with small letter z with caron (digraph)
ǆ	Ǆ	d+z+’◌̂’+Ctrl-’2’		latin letter dz with caron (digraph)
ʤ		d+z+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter dezh digraph
ʥ		d+z+LAlt-’22’+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter dz digraph with curl
₯		Dr+Ctrl-’2’		drachma sign (digraph)
δ	Δ	d+Ctrl-’+’		greek letter delta (letterlike)
ᵟ		d+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small delta
ƍ		d+Ctrl-’+’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned delta
e	E
é	É	e+’◌́’		latin letter e with acute
è	È	e+’◌̀’		latin letter e with grave
ē	Ē	e+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’e’	latin letter e with macron
ẹ	Ẹ	e+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter e with dot below
ė	Ė	e+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter e with dot above
ê	Ê	e+’◌̂’		latin letter e with circumflex
ě	Ě	e+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter e with caron
ḙ	Ḙ	e+’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’		latin letter e with circumflex below
ᵉ	ᴱ	e+’§’		modifier letter e
ₑ		e+’§§’		latin subscript small letter e
ĕ	Ĕ	e+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter e with breve
ȇ	Ȇ	e+Shift-Ctrl-’--’		latin letter e with inverted breve
ȩ	Ȩ	e+LAlt-’'’		latin letter e with cedilla
e̦	E̦	e+Ctrl-’,’		latin letter e with combining comma below
ë	Ë	e+’◌̈’		latin letter e with diaeresis
ẽ	Ẽ	e+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter e with tilde
ḛ	Ḛ	e+LAlt-’◌̃◌̃’		latin letter e with tilde below
ę	Ę	e+LAlt-(’'’+’'’)		latin letter e with ogonek
ɇ	Ɇ	e+Ctrl-’/’		latin letter e with stroke
e̊	E̊	e+Alt-’o’		latin letter e with combining ring above
e̥	E̥	e+Alt-’oo’		latin letter e with combining ring below
ᴇ		E+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital e
ȅ	Ȅ	e+’◌̀◌̀’		latin letter e with double grave
ᶒ		e+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter e with retroflex hook
ẻ	Ẻ	e+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter e with hook above
e͙	E͙	e+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’		latin letter e with combining asterisk below
ǝ		e+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned e
ɘ	Ǝ	e+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		latin letter reversed e
ᴲ		E+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’+’§’		modifier letter capital reversed e
e̹	E̹	e+Ctrl-’,,,,’		latin letter e with combining right half ring below (comma)
ḗ	Ḗ	e+Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’ / é+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter e with macron and acute
ḕ	Ḕ	e+Ctrl-’-’+’◌̀’ / è+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter e with macron and grave
ĕ́	Ĕ́	e+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’		latin letter e with breve and acute
ḝ	Ḝ	e+LAlt-’'’+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter e with cedilla and breve
ế	Ế	e+’◌̂◌̂’+’◌́’		latin letter e with circumflex and acute
ề	Ề	e+’◌̂◌̂’+’◌̀’		latin letter e with circumflex and grave
ể	Ể	e+’◌̂◌̂’+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter e with circumflex and hook above
ễ	Ễ	e+’◌̂◌̂’+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter e with circumflex and tilde
ệ	Ệ	a+’◌̂◌̂’+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter e with circumflex and dot below
€		Alt-’5’		euro sign
ə	Ə
ə	Ə	Alt-’e’		latin letter schwa
ᵊ		Alt-’e’+’§’		modifier letter small schwa
ₔ		Alt-’e’+’§§’		latin subscript small letter schwa
ɚ		Alt-’e’+LAlt-’55’		latin small letter schwa with hook
ᶕ		Alt-’e’+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter schwa with retroflex hook
ɛ	Ɛ
ɛ	Ɛ	Ctrl-’ä’		latin letter open e
ɛ̄	Ɛ̄	Ctrl-’ä’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter open e with combining macron
ɛ̂	Ɛ̂	Ctrl-’ä’+’◌̂’		latin letter open e with combining circumflex
ᵋ		Ctrl-’ä’+’§’		modifier letter small open e
ɛ̆	Ɛ̆	Ctrl-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter open e with combining breve
ɛ̄́	Ɛ̄́	Ctrl-’ä’+Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’ / ɛ́+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter open e with combining macron and acute
ɛ̆́	Ɛ̆́	Ctrl-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’		latin letter open e with combining breve and acute
ᶓ		Ctrl-’ä’+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter open e with retroflex hook
ᴈ		Ctrl-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned open e
ɜ		Ctrl-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		latin small letter reversed open e
ᵌ		Ctrl-ä+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small turned open e
ᶟ		Ctrl-ä+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’ +’§’		modifier letter reversed open e
ɝ		Ctrl-ä+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’+LAlt-’55’		latin small letter reversed open e with hook
ᶔ		Ctrl-ä+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter reversed open e with retroflex hook
ʚ		e+Ctrl-’++++++++’		latin small letter closed open e (letterlike)
ɞ		ʚ+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’ or e+Ctrl-’+++++++++++’		latin small letter closed reversed open e (letterlike)
f	F
ḟ	Ḟ	f+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter f with dot above
ᶠ		f+’§’		modifier letter small f
ᵮ		f+RAlt-’~’		latin letter f with middle tilde
ƒ	Ƒ	f+LAlt-’55’		latin letter f with hook
ᶂ		f+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter f with palatal hook
ʩ		fŋ+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter feng digraph
₣		F+Ctrl-’--’		french franc sign (stroke)
ɸ		f+Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter phi (letterlike)
ᶲ		f+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small phi
ᵠ		f+’§’+Ctrl-’+’		modifier letter small greek phi (letterlike)
ᵩ		f+’§’+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		greek subscript small letter phi (letterlike)
ⱷ		f+Ctrl-’+++++’		latin small letter tailless phi (letterlike)
g	G
ǵ	Ǵ	g+’◌́’		latin letter g with acute
ḡ	Ḡ	g+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter g with macron
ǥ	Ǥ	g+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter g with stroke
ġ	Ġ	g+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’g’	latin letter g with dot above
ǧ	Ǧ	g+’◌̂’	Alt-’g’	latin letter g with caron
ĝ	Ĝ	g+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter g with circumflex
ᵍ	ᴳ	g+’§’		modifier letter g
ğ	Ğ	g+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter g with breve
ģ	Ģ	g+LAlt-’'’		latin letter g with cedilla
ɢ		G+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital g
ɠ	Ɠ	g+LAlt-’55’		latin letter g with hook
ᶃ		g+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter g with palatal hook
ᵷ		g+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned g
ʛ		G+Ctrl-’<’+LAlt-’55’		latin letter small capital g with hook
ɡ		g+Ctrl-’+++’		latin small letter script g (letterlike)
ᶢ		g+Ctrl-’+++’+’§’		modifier letter small script g (letterlike)
ʛ		G+LAlt-’55’+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital g with hook
₲		G+Ctrl-’+++++’		guarani sign (letterlike)
ɤ		g+Ctrl-’+++++++’		latin small letter rams horn (letterlike)
ᵹ		g+Ctrl-’++++++’		latin small letter insular g (letterlike)
ɣ	Ɣ	g+Ctrl-’++’	Ctrl-’g’	latin letter gamma (letterlike)
ˠ		g+Ctrl-’++’ +’§’		modifier letter small latin gamma
γ	Γ	g+Ctrl-’+’		greek letter gamma (letterlike)
ᵞ		g+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small greek gamma
ᵧ		g+Ctrl-’+’+’§§’		greek subscript small letter gamma
ᴦ		G+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’<’		greek letter small capital gamma
h	H
ẖ	H̱	h+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter h with line below
ħ	Ħ	h+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter h with stroke
ḥ	Ḥ	h+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’h’	latin letter h with dot below
ḣ	Ḣ	h+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter h with dot above
ĥ	Ĥ	h+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter h with circumflex
ʰ	ᴴ	h+’§’		modifier letter h
ḫ	Ḫ	h+Shift-Ctrl-’-’	Alt-’h’	latin letter h with breve below
ḩ	Ḩ	h+LAlt-’'’		latin letter h with cedilla
ḧ	Ḧ	h+’◌̈’		latin letter h with diaeresis
ʜ		H+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital h
ⱨ	Ⱨ	h+LAlt-’66’		latin letter h with descender
ɦ		h+LAlt-’55’		latin small letter h with hook
ɥ		h+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned h
ᶣ		h+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small turned h
ʱ		h+LAlt-’55’+’§’		modifier letter small h with hook
		h+Ctrl-’--’+’§’		modifier letter h with stroke [not supported by Unicode]
ꜧ		h+Ctrl-’+++++’		latin small letter heng (letterlike)
ɧ		h+Ctrl-’++++’ or h+Ctrl-’+++++’ +LAlt-’55’		latin small letter heng with hook (letterlike)
ƕ	Ƕ	h+Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter hv / latin capital letter hwair (letterlike)
ʮ		h+Ctrl-’+++++++’		latin small letter turned h with fishhook (letterlike)
ʯ		h+Ctrl-’++++++++’		latin small letter turned h with fishhook and tail (letterlike)
ⱶ	Ⱶ	h+Ctrl-’+++’		latin letter half h (letterlike)
i	I
í	Í	i+’◌́’		latin letter i with acute
ì	Ì	i+’◌̀’		latin letter i with grave
ī	Ī	i+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’i’	latin letter i with macron
ɨ	Ɨ	i+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter i with stroke
ị	Ị	i+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter i with dot below
ı		i+Ctrl-’..’	Alt-’i’	latin small letter dotless i
	İ	I+Ctrl-’..’	Shift-Alt-’I’	latin capital letter i with dot above
î	Î	i+’◌̂’		latin letter i with circumflex
ǐ	Ǐ	i+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter i with caron
ⁱ	ᴵ	i+’§’		modifier letter i
ᵢ		i+’§§’		latin subscript small letter i
ĭ	Ĭ	i+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter i with breve
ȋ	Ȋ	i+Shift-Ctrl-’--’		latin letter i with inverted breve
i̯	I̯	i+Shift-Ctrl-’---’		latin letter i with combining inverted breve below
ï	Ï	i+’◌̈’		latin letter i with diaeresis
ĩ	Ĩ	i+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter i with tilde
ḭ	Ḭ	i+LAlt-’◌̃◌̃’		latin letter i with tilde below
į	Į	i+LAlt-’'’+LAlt-’'’		latin letter i with ogonek
i̊	I̊	i+Alt-’o’		latin letter i with combining ring above
i̥	I̥	i+Alt-’oo’		latin letter i with combining ring below
ɪ		I+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital i
ȉ	Ȉ	i+’◌̀◌̀’		latin letter i with double grave
ᶖ		i+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter i with retroflex hook
ỉ	Ỉ	i+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter i with hook above
i͙	I͙	i+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’		latin letter i with combining asterisk below
ᴉ		i+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned i
ᵎ		i+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’ or ⁱ+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		modifier letter small turned i
ᶦ		I+Ctrl-’<’+’§’		modifier letter small capital i
ᵻ		I+Ctrl-’<’+Ctrl-’-’		small capital letter i with stroke
ᶧ		I+Ctrl-’<’+Ctrl-’-’+’§’		modifier letter small capital i with stroke
ᶤ		i+Ctrl-’--’+’§’		modifier letter small i with stroke
ī́	Ī́	ī+’◌́’ / í+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter i with macron and acute
ĭ́	Ĭ́	i+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’		latin letter i with breve and acute
ḯ	Ḯ	i+’◌̈’+’◌́’		latin letter i with diaeresis and acute
ɩ	Ɩ	i+Ctrl-’+’		latin letter iota (letterlike)
ᵼ		i+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’-’		latin small letter iota with stroke
ᶥ		i+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small iota (letterlike)
j	J
		j+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter j with stroke [not supported by Unicode]
ȷ		j+Ctrl-’.’		latin small letter dotless j
ǰ	J̌	j+’◌̂’		latin small letter j with caron / latin capital letter j with combining caron
ĵ	Ĵ	j+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter j with circumflex
ʲ	ᴶ	j+’§’		modifier letter j
ᴊ		J+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital j
ɟ		j+Ctrl-’.’+Ctrl-’-’		latin small letter dotless j with stroke
ᶡ		j+Ctrl-’.’+Ctrl-’-’+’§’		modifier letter small dotless j with stroke
ʄ		j+Ctrl-’.’+Ctrl-’-’+LAlt-’55’ or j+Ctrl-’++++’		latin small letter dotless j with stroke and hook (letterlike)
ʝ		j+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter j with crossed-tail (curl)
		j+’§’+LAlt-’22’	ʝ+’§’	modifier letter small j with crossed-tail (curl)
k	K
ḱ	Ḱ	k+’◌́’		latin letter k with acute
ḵ	Ḵ	k+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter k with line below
ҟ	Ҟ	k+Ctrl-’--’		cyrillic letter ka with stroke
ḳ	Ḳ	k+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter k with dot below
ǩ	Ǩ	k+’◌̂’		latin letter k with caron
ᵏ	ᴷ	k+’§’		modifier letter k
ķ	Ķ	k+LAlt-’'’		latin letter k with cedilla
ᴋ		K+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital k
ⱪ	Ⱪ	k+LAlt-’66’		latin letter k with descender
ƙ	Ƙ	k+LAlt-’55’		latin small letter k with hook
ᶄ		k+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter k with palatal hook
ʞ		k+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned k
kʼ		k+Shift-Alt-’'’		latin small letter k with modifier letter apostrophe (IPA: ejective k)
ĸ		k+Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter kra (letterlike)
₭		K+Ctrl-’++++’		kip sign (letterlike)
l	L
ĺ	Ĺ	l+’◌́’		latin letter l with acute
ḻ	Ḻ	l+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter l with line below
ƚ	Ƚ	l+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter l with bar
ⱡ	Ⱡ	l+Ctrl-’---’		latin letter l with double bar
ḷ	Ḷ	l+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter l with dot below
ŀ	Ŀ	l+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter l with middle dot
ľ	Ľ	l+’◌̂’		latin letter l with caron
ḽ	Ḽ	l+’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’		latin letter l with circumflex below
ˡ	ᴸ	l+’§’		modifier letter l
ļ	Ļ	l+LAlt-’'’		latin letter l with cedilla
ɫ	Ɫ	l+RAlt-’~’		latin letter l with middle tilde
ł	Ł	l+Ctrl-’/’	Alt-’l’	latin letter l with stroke
ʟ		L+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital l
ᶅ		l+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter l with palatal hook
ɭ		l+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter l with retroflex hook
ȴ		l+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter l with curl
ᶫ		L+Ctrl-’<’+’§’		modifier letter small capital l
ᴌ		ʟ+Ctrl-’/’		latin letter small capital l with stroke
		ʟ+LAlt-’22’		latin letter small capital l with belt (curl)[not supported by Unicode]
ḹ	Ḹ	l+Ctrl-’.’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter l with dot below and macron
ɬ		l+Ctrl-’++++’		latin small letter l with belt (letterlike)
ᶩ		l+LAlt-’33’+’§’		modifier letter small l with retroflex hook
ᶪ		l+LAlt-’44’+’§’		modifier letter small l with palatal hook
£		Alt-’3’		pound sign
₤		£+Ctrl-’--’		lira sign (stroke)
ǉ	Ǉ	lj+Ctrl-’2’		latin letter lj (digraph)
	ǈ	Lj+Ctrl-’2’		latin capital letter l with small letter j (digraph)
ʪ		ls+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter ls digraph
ʫ		lz+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter lz digraph
ɮ		lz+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter lezh (digraph)
λ		l+Ctrl-’+’		greek small letter lambda (letterlike)
ƛ		l+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’/’		latin small letter lambda with stroke
ᴧ		L+Ctrl-’++++++’		greek letter small capital lambda (letterlike)
m	M
ṃ	Ṃ	m+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter m with dot below
ṁ	Ṁ	m+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter m with dot above
ᵐ	ᴹ	m+’§’		modifier letter m
ᵯ		m+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter m with middle tilde
ᴍ		M+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital m
ɱ	Ɱ	m+Alt-’55’		latin letter m with hook
ᶆ		m+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter m with palatal hook
ɯ	Ɯ	m+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin letter turned m
ᴟ		m+Shift-Ctrl-’++’		latin small letter sideways turned m
ᶬ		m+Alt-’55’+’§’		modifier letter small m with hook
ᵚ		m+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small turned m
ɰ		m+Ctrl-’+++++’		latin letter turned m with long leg (letterlike)
ᶭ		m+Ctrl-’+++++’ +’§’		modifier letter small turned m with long leg (letterlike)
µ		m+Ctrl-’+’	Alt-’m’	micro sign (letterlike)
₥		m+Ctrl-’/’		mill sign (stroke)
n	N
ń	Ń	n+’◌́’		latin letter n with acute
ǹ	Ǹ	n+’◌̀’		latin letter n with grave
ṉ	Ṉ	n+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter n with line below
ṇ	Ṇ	n+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter n with dot below
ṅ	Ṅ	n+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter n with dot above
ň	Ň	n+’◌̂’		latin letter n with caron
ṋ	Ṋ	n+’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’		latin letter n with circumflex below
ⁿ	ᴺ	n+’§’		modifier letter n
ņ	Ņ	n+Ctrl-’,’		latin letter n with cedilla
ñ	Ñ	n+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter n with tilde
ᵰ		n+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter n with middle tilde
ɴ		N+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital n
ᶇ		n+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter n with palatal hook
ɳ		n+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter n with retroflex hook
ȵ		n+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter n with curl
ƞ	Ƞ	n+Ctrl-’++’		latin letter n with long right leg (letterlike)
ɲ	Ɲ	n+Ctrl-’+’		latin letter n with left hook (letterlike)
ᶮ		n+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter n with left hook
ᶰ		N+Ctrl-’<’+’§’		modifier letter small capital n
ᴎ		ɴ+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		latin letter small capital reversed n
ᴻ		N+’§’+ Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		modifier letter capital reversed n
ŉ		n+Shift-Ctrl-’'’		latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe
ᶯ		n+LAlt-’33’+’§’		modifier letter n with retroflex hook
ŋ	Ŋ	n+Ctrl-’++++’		latin letter eng (letterlike)
ᵑ		ŋ+’§’		modifier letter small eng
₦		N+Ctrl-’--’		naira sign (stroke)
№		No+Ctrl-’2’		numero sign (digraph)
ǌ	Ǌ	nj+Ctrl-’2’		latin letter nj (digraph)
	ǋ	Nj+Ctrl-’2’		latin capital letter n with small letter j (digraph)
o	O
ó	Ó	o+’◌́’		latin letter o with acute
ò	Ò	o+’◌̀’		latin letter o with grave
ō	Ō	o+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’o’	latin letter o with macron
ɵ	Ɵ	o+Ctrl-’--’		latin small letter barred o / latin capital letter o with middle tilde
ọ	Ọ	o+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter o with dot below
ȯ	Ȯ	o+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter o with dot above
ô	Ô	o+’◌̂’		latin letter o with circumflex
ǒ	Ǒ	o+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter o with caron
ᵒ	ᴼ	o+’§’		modifier letter o
ₒ		o+’§§’		subscript small letter o
ŏ	Ŏ	o+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter o with breve
ȏ	Ȏ	o+Shift-Ctrl-’--’		latin letter o with inverted breve
ö	Ö	o+’◌̈’	ö	latin letter o with diaeresis
õ	Õ	o+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter o with tilde
ǫ	Ǫ	o+LAlt-’'’+LAlt-’'’		latin letter o with ogonek
ø	Ø	o+Ctrl-’/’	Alt-’ö’	latin letter o with stroke
ᴏ		O+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital o
ő	Ő	o+’◌́◌́’		latin letter o with double acute
ȍ	Ȍ	o+’◌̀◌̀’		latin letter o with double grave
ơ	Ơ	o+Shift-Ctrl-’'’		latin letter o with horn
ỏ	Ỏ	o+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter o with hook above
o͙	O͙	o+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’		latin letter o with combining asterisk below
ᴑ		o+Ctrl-’+++++’		latin small letter sideways o (letterlike)
ᶱ		o+Ctrl-’--’+’§’		modifier letter small barred o
ṓ	Ṓ	o+Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’ / ó+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter o with macron and acute
ṑ	Ṑ	o+Ctrl-’-’+’◌̀’ / ò+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter o with macron and grave
ŏ́	Ŏ́	ŏ+’◌́’		latin letter o with breve and acute
ố	Ố	o+’◌̂◌̂’+’◌́’		latin letter o with circumflex and acute
ồ	Ồ	o+’◌̂◌̂’+’◌̀’		latin letter o with circumflex and grave
ổ	Ổ	o+’◌̂◌̂’+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter o with circumflex and hook above
ỗ	Ỗ	o+’◌̂◌̂’+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter o with circumflex and tilde
ộ	Ộ	o+’◌̂◌̂’+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter o with circumflex and dot below
ṍ	Ṍ	o+LAlt-’◌̃’+’◌́’		latin letter o with tilde and acute
ȭ	Ȭ	o+LAlt-’◌̃’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter o with tilde and macron
ṏ	Ṏ	o+LAlt-’◌̃’+Ctrl-’◌̈’		latin letter o with tilde and diaeresis
ǭ	Ǭ	o+LAlt-’'’+LAlt-’'’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter o with ogonek and macron
ȱ	Ȱ	o+Ctrl-’..’+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter o with dot above and macron
ớ	Ớ	o+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+’◌́’		latin letter o with horn and acute
ờ	Ờ	o+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+’◌̀’		latin letter o with horn and grave
ở	Ở	o+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter o with horn and hook above
ỡ	Ỡ	o+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter o with horn and tilde
ợ	Ợ	o+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter o with horn and dot below
º		o+’§’+Ctrl-’-’		masculine ordinal indicator (macron)
ȫ	Ȫ	ö+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter o with diaeresis and macron
ǿ	Ǿ	o+Ctrl-’/’+’◌́’		latin letter o with stroke and acute
ᴓ		o+Ctrl-’+++++’ +Ctrl-’/’ (or ø+Shift-Ctrl-’+’)		latin small letter sideways o with stroke
ɷ		o+Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter closed omega (letterlike)
ɔ	Ɔ	c+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin letter open o (turned)
ᵓ		c+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small open o
ᶗ		c+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter open o with retroflex hook
◌		o+Ctrl-’+++++++++’		dotted circle (letterlike)
ʘ		O+Ctrl-’...’ or O+Ctrl-’+++’		latin letter bilabial click (dot \| letterlike)
ƣ	Ƣ	o+Ctrl-’++++’		latin letter oi (letterlike)
ᴖ		o+Ctrl-’+++++++’		latin small letter top half o (letterlike)
ᵔ		ᴖ+’§’		modifier letter small top half o
ᴗ		ᴖ+Shift-Ctrl-’+’ or o+Ctrl-’++++++++’		latin small letter bottom half o (turned \| letterlike)
ᵕ		ᴗ+’§’		modifier letter small bottom half o
ȣ	Ȣ	o+Ctrl-’++’		latin letter ou (letterlike)
ᴕ		O+Ctrl-’++’+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital ou
ᴽ		O+Ctrl-’++’+’§’		modifier letter capital ou
œ	Œ	oe+Ctrl-’2’	Ctrl-’ö’	latin ligature oe (digraph)
ɶ		Œ+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital oe
ᴔ		əo+Ctrl-’2’ or œ+ Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned oe (digraph)
	Ω	O+Ctrl-’+’		greek capital letter omega (letterlike)
Ω		O+Ctrl-’+++++’		ohm sign (letterlike)
p	P
ṕ	Ṕ	p+’◌́’		latin letter p with acute
p̄	P̄	p+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter p with macron
		p+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter p with stroke [not supported by Unicode]
ṗ	Ṗ	p+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter p with dot above
ᵖ	ᴾ	p+’§’		modifier letter p
ᵱ		p+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter p with middle tilde
ᴘ		P+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital p
ƥ	Ƥ	p+LAlt-’55’		latin letter p with hook
ᶈ		p+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter p with palatal hook
pʼ		p+Shift-Alt-’'’		latin small letter p with modifier letter apostrophe (IPA: ejective p)
¶		P+Ctrl-’+++’		pilcrow sign (letterlike)
₱		P+Ctrl-’---’		peso sign (stroke)
₰		pf+Ctrl-’2’		german penny sign (digraph)
₧		Pts+Ctrl-’2’		peseta sign (digraph)
π		p+Ctrl-’+’		greek small letter pi (letterlike)
	∏	P+Ctrl-’+’		n-ary product (letterlike)
ᴨ		P+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’<’		greek letter small capital pi
q	Q
ʠ		q+LAlt-’55’		latin small letter q with hook
ɋ	Ɋ	q+Ctrl-’+’		latin letter q with hook tail (letterlike)
ȹ		qp+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter qp digraph
r	R
ŕ	Ŕ	r+’◌́’		latin letter r with acute
ṟ	Ṟ	r+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter r with line below
		r+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter r with stroke [not supported by Unicode]
ṛ	Ṛ	r+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter r with dot below
ṙ	Ṙ	r+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter r with dot above
ř	Ř	r+’◌̂’		latin letter r with caron
ʳ	ᴿ	r+’§’		modifier letter r
ᵣ		r+’§§’		latin subscript small letter r
ȓ	Ȓ	r+Shift-Ctrl-’--’		latin letter r with inverted breve
ŗ	Ŗ	r+Ctrl-’,’		latin letter r with cedilla
ᵲ		r+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter r with middle tilde
ʀ		R+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital r
ȑ	Ȑ	r+’◌̀◌̀’		latin letter r with double grave
ᶉ		r+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter r with palatal hook
ɹ		r+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned r
ᴚ		R+Ctrl-’<’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin letter small capital turned r
ᴙ		R+Ctrl-’<’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		latin letter small capital reversed r
ʁ		R+Ctrl-’<’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’		latin letter small capital inverted r
ʶ		R+Ctrl-’+++++++’ +’§’		modifier letter small capital inverted r
ṝ	Ṝ	ṛ+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter r with dot below and macron
ɼ		r+Ctrl-’+++++’		latin small letter r with long leg (letterlike)
ɽ	Ɽ	r+Ctrl-’++++++’		latin letter r with tail (letterlike)
ʴ		r+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’ or r+’§’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		modifier letter small turned r
ɻ		r+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+LAlt-’55’		latin small letter turned r with hook
ʵ		r+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+LAlt-’55’+’§’		modifier letter small turned r with hook
ɺ		r+Ctrl-’+++’ or r+Ctrl-’+++++’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned r with long leg (letterlike)
ɾ		r+Ctrl-’+++++++’		latin small letter r with fishhook (letterlike)
ɿ		r+Ctrl-’++++++++’		latin small letter reversed r with fishhook (letterlike)
ᵳ		r+Ctrl-’+++++++’ +RAlt-’~’		latin small letter r with fishhook and middle tilde
Ʀ		R+Ctrl-’++’		latin letter yr (letterlike)
℟		R+Ctrl-’+++++++++’		response (letterlike)
®		(r) or (R)		registered sign
₨		Rs+Ctrl-’2’		rupee sign (digraph)
ᵨ		r+’§§’+Ctrl-’+’		greek subscript small letter rho (letterlike)
s	S
ś	Ś	s+’◌́’		latin letter s with acute
s̀	S̀	s+’◌̀’		latin letter s with grave
ṣ	Ṣ	s+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’s’	latin letter s with dot below
ṡ	Ṡ	s+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter s with dot above
ṩ	Ṩ	s+Ctrl-’...’		latin letter s with dot below and dot above
š	Š	s+’◌̂’	Alt-’s’	latin letter s with caron
ŝ	Ŝ	s+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter s with circumflex
ˢ		s+’§’		modifier letter small s
ş	Ş	s+LAlt-’'’		latin letter s with cedilla
ș	Ș	s+Ctrl-’,’		latin letter s with comma below
ᵴ		s+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter s with middle tilde
ʂ		s+LAlt-’55’		latin small letter s with hook
ᶊ		s+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter s with palatal hook
ṧ	Ṧ	s+’◌̂’+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter s with caron and dot above
ṥ	Ṥ	s+’◌́’+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter s with acute and dot above
s¹	S¹	s+’1§’		latin letter s with superscript one
s²	S²	s+’2§’		latin letter s with superscript two
s³	S³	s+’3§’		latin letter s with superscript three
s₁	S₁	s+’1§§’		latin letter s with subscript one
s₂	S₂	s+’2§§’		latin letter s with subscript two
s₃	S₃	s+’3§§’		latin letter s with subscript three
ᶳ		s+LAlt-’55’+’§’		modifier letter small s with hook
ȿ		s+Ctrl-’+++++++’		latin small letter s with swash tail (letterlike)
sʼ		s+Shift-Alt-’'’		latin small letter s with modifier letter apostrophe (IPA: ejective s)
₴		S+Ctrl-’++++++’		hryvnia sign (letterlike)
ᴤ		s+Ctrl-’+++++’		latin letter voiced laryngeal spirant (letterlike)
ſ		s+Ctrl-’++++++++++++’		latin small letter long s (letterlike)
ẛ		ſ+Ctrl-’..’		latin small letter long s with dot above
ß		’sss’		latin small letter sharp s
$		Alt-’4’		dollar sign
₪		S+Ctrl-’+++++’		new shekel sign
σ		s+Ctrl-’+’		greek small letter sigma (letterlike)
ʃ	Ʃ
ʃ	Ʃ	s+Ctrl-’+++’		latin letter esh (letterlike)
ᶴ		s+Ctrl-’+++’+’§’		modifier letter small esh
ᶋ		ʃ+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter esh with palatal hook
ᶘ		ʃ+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter esh with retroflex hook
ʆ		s+Ctrl-’+++’+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter esh with curl
ʅ		s+Ctrl-’++++++++’		latin small letter squat reversed esh (letterlike)
ƪ		s+Ctrl-’+++++++++++’		latin letter reversed esh loop (letterlike)
t	T
ṯ	Ṯ	t+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter t with line below
ŧ	Ŧ	t+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter t with stroke
ṭ	Ṭ	t+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’t’	latin letter t with dot below
ṫ	Ṫ	t+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter t with dot above
ť	Ť	t+’◌̂’		latin letter t with caron
ṱ	Ṱ	t+’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’		latin letter t with circumflex below
ᵗ	ᵀ	t+’§’		modifier letter t
ţ	Ţ	t+LAlt-’'’		latin letter t with cedilla
ț	Ț	t+Ctrl-’,’		latin letter t with comma below
ẗ	T̈	t+’◌̈’		latin letter t with diaeresis
ᵵ	T̴	t+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter t with middle tilde / latin capital letter t with combining tilde overlay
ⱦ	Ⱦ	t+Ctrl-’/’		latin letter t with diagonal stroke
ᴛ		T+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital t
ƭ	Ƭ	t+LAlt-’55’		latin letter t with hook
ƫ		t+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter t with palatal hook
ʈ	Ʈ	t+LAlt-’33’		latin letter t with retroflex hook
ȶ		t+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter t with curl
ʇ		t+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned t
ṯ̣	Ṯ̣	t+Ctrl-’-.’ / t+Ctrl-’.-’		latin letter t with line below and combining dot below
ᶵ		t+LAlt-’44’+’§’		modifier letter small t with palatal hook
tʼ		t+Shift-Alt-’'’		latin small letter t with modifier letter apostrophe (IPA: ejective t)
þ	Þ	LAlt-’t’		latin letter thorn
₮		T+Ctrl-’//’		tugrik sign (stroke)
ʨ		tc+LAlt-’22’+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter tc digraph with curl
ʦ		ts+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter ts digraph
ʧ		ts+Ctrl-’+++’+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter tesh digraph
ᵺ		th+Ctrl-’/’		latin small letter th with strikethrough
™		TM+Ctrl-’2’	Ctrl-Alt-’t’	trade mark sign (digraph)
θ	Θ	t+Ctrl-’+’	RAlt-’t’	greek letter theta
ᶿ		t+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small theta
θ̣	Θ̣	RAlt-’t’+Ctrl-’.’		greek letter theta with combining dot below
u	U
ú	Ú	u+’◌́’		acute
ù	Ù	u+’◌̀’		latin letter u with grave
ū	Ū	u+Ctrl-’-’	Shift-Ctrl-’u’	latin letter u with macron
ʉ		u+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter u bar [capital  is not a valid unicode character]
ụ	Ụ	u+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter u with dot below
û	Û	u+’◌̂’		latin letter u with circumflex
ǔ	Ǔ	u+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter u with caron
ṷ	Ṷ	u+’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’		latin letter u with circumflex below
ᵘ	ᵁ	u+’§’		modifier letter u
ᵤ		u+’§§’		latin subscript small letter u
ŭ	Ŭ	u+Shift-Ctrl-’-’		latin letter u with breve
ȗ	Ȗ	u+Shift-Ctrl-’--’		latin letter u with inverted breve
u̯	U̯	u+Shift-Ctrl-’---’		latin letter u with combining inverted breve below
ü	Ü	u+’◌̈’		latin letter u with diaeresis
ṳ	Ṳ	u+’◌̈◌̈’		latin letter u with diaeresis below
ũ	Ũ	u+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter u with tilde
ṵ	Ṵ	u+LAlt-’◌̃◌̃’		latin letter u with tilde below
ų	Ų	u+LAlt-(’'’+’'’)		latin letter u with ogonek
ů	Ů	u+Alt-’o’		latin letter u with ring above
u̥	U̥	u+Alt-’oo’		latin letter u with combining ring below
ᴜ		U+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital u
ű	Ű	u+’◌́◌́’		latin letter u with double acute
ȕ	Ȕ	u+’◌̀◌̀’		latin letter u with double grave
ᶙ		u+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter u with retroflex hook
ư	Ư	u+Shift-Ctrl-’'’		latin letter u with horn
ủ	Ủ	u+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter u with hook above
u͙	U͙	u+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’		latin letter u with combining asterisk below
ᴝ		u+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter sideways u (turned)
ᶸ		U+Ctrl-’<’+’§’		modifier letter small capital u
		U+Ctrl-’<’+Ctrl-’-’		small capital letter u with stroke
ᶶ		u+Ctrl-’--’+’§’		modifier letter small u bar
ū́	Ū́	u+Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’ / ú+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter u with macron and combining acute
ṻ	Ṻ	u+Ctrl-’-’+’◌̈’		latin letter u with macron and diaeresis
ŭ́	Ŭ́	u+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’		latin letter u with breve and combining acute
ṹ	Ṹ	u+LAlt-’◌̃’+’◌́’		latin letter u with tilde and acute
ǘ	Ǘ	ü+’◌́’		latin letter u with diaeresis and acute
ǜ	Ǜ	ü+’◌̀’		latin letter u with diaeresis and grave
ǖ	Ǖ	ü+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter u with diaeresis and macron
ᴞ		ü+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter sideways diaeresized u (turned)
ǚ	Ǚ	ü+’◌̂’		latin letter u with diaeresis and caron
ü̂	Ü̂	ü+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter u with diaeresis and combining circumflex
ứ	Ứ	u+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+’◌́’		latin letter u with horn and acute
ừ	Ừ	u+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+’◌̀’		latin letter u with horn and grave
ử	Ử	u+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter u with horn and hook above
ữ	Ữ	u+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter u with horn and tilde
ự	Ự	u+Shift-Ctrl-’'’+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter u with horn and dot below
ᵙ		u+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small sideways u
ʊ	Ʊ	u+Ctrl-’+’		latin letter upsilon (letterlike)
ᶷ		u+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small upsilon
ᵿ		u+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’-’		latin small letter upsilon with stroke
ᵫ		ue+Ctrl-’2’		latin small letter ue (digraph)
v	V
ṿ	Ṿ	v+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter v with dot below
ᵛ		v+’§’		modifier letter v
ᵥ		v+’§§’		latin subscript small letter v
ṽ	Ṽ	v+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter v with tilde
ᴠ		V+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital v
ʋ	Ʋ	v+LAlt-’55’		latin letter v with hook
ᶌ		v+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter v with palatal hook
		v+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter v with curl [not supported by Unicode]
ⱱ		v+Ctrl-’++’		latin small letter v with right hook (letterlike)
ʌ	Ʌ	v+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin letter turned v
ᶺ		v+Shift-Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small turned v
ᶹ		v+LAlt-’55’+’§’		modifier letter small v with hook
℣		V+Ctrl-’+++’		versicle (letterlike)
w	W
ẃ	Ẃ	w+’◌́’		latin letter w with acute
ẁ	Ẁ	w+’◌̀’		latin letter w with grave
ẉ	Ẉ	w+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter w with dot below
ẇ	Ẇ	w+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter w with dot above
ŵ	Ŵ	w+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter w with circumflex
ʷ	ᵂ	w+’§’		modifier letter w
ẅ	Ẅ	w+’◌̈’		latin letter w with diaeresis
ẘ	W̊	w+Alt-’o’		latin small letter w with ring above / latin capital letter w with combining ring above
ᴡ		W+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital w
ⱳ	Ⱳ	w+LAlt-’55’		latin letter w with hook
ʍ		w+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned w
₩		W+Ctrl-’--’		won sign (stroke)
ƿ	Ƿ	w+Ctrl-’+’		latin letter wynn (letterlike)
x	X
ẋ	Ẋ	x+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter x with dot above
ˣ		x+’§’		modifier letter x
ₓ		x+’§§’		latin subscript small letter x
ẍ	Ẍ	x+’◌̈’		latin letter x with diaeresis
ᶍ		x+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter x with palatal hook
ӽ	Ӽ	x+LAlt-’55’		cyrillic letter ha with hook
χ		x+Ctrl-’+’		greek small letter chi (letterlike)
ᵡ		x+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small chi
ᵪ		x+Ctrl-’+’+’§§’		greek subscript small letter chi
y	Y
ý	Ý	y+’◌́’		latin letter y with acute
ỳ	Ỳ	y+’◌̀’		latin letter y with grave
ȳ	Ȳ	y+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter y with macron
ɏ	Ɏ	y+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter y with stroke
ỵ	Ỵ	y+Ctrl-’.’		latin letter y with dot below
ẏ	Ẏ	y+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter y with dot above
ŷ	Ŷ	y+’◌̂’		latin letter y with circumflex
y̌	Y̌	y+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter y with caron
ʸ		y+’§’		modifier letter y
ÿ	Ÿ	y+’◌̈’		latin letter y with diaeresis
ỹ	Ỹ	y+LAlt-’◌̃’		latin letter y with tilde
ẙ	Y̊	y+Alt-’o’		latin small letter y with ring above / latin capital letter y with combining ring above
ʏ		Y+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital y
ӳ	Y̋	y+’◌́◌́’		latin letter y with double acute
ƴ	Ƴ	y+LAlt-’55’		latin letter y with hook
ỷ	Ỷ	y+Shift-Alt-’?’		latin letter y with hook above
ʎ		y+Shift-Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter turned y
¥		Y+Ctrl-’+++’	Alt-’6’	yen sign (letterlike)
ȝ	Ȝ	y+Ctrl-’++++’		latin letter yogh (letterlike)
z	Z
ź	Ź	z+’◌́’		latin letter z with acute
ẕ	Ẕ	z+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter z with line below
ƶ	Ƶ	z+Ctrl-’--’		latin letter z with stroke
ẓ	Ẓ	z+Ctrl-’.’	Shift-Ctrl-’z’	latin letter z with dot below
ż	Ż	z+Ctrl-’..’		latin letter z with dot above
ž	Ž	z+’◌̂’	RAlt-’z’	latin letter z with caron
ẑ	Ẑ	z+’◌̂◌̂’		latin letter z with circumflex
ᶻ		z+’§’		modifier letter small z
ᵶ		z+RAlt-’~’		latin small letter z with middle tilde
ᴢ		Z+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital z
ⱬ	Ⱬ	z+LAlt-’66’		latin letter z with descender
ȥ	Ȥ	z+LAlt-’55’		latin letter z with hook
ᶎ		z+LAlt-’44’		latin letter z with palatal hook [capital  is not a valid Unicode character]
ʐ		z+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter z with retroflex hook
ʑ		z+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter z with curl
ɀ		z+Ctrl-’+++++++’		latin small letter z with swash tail (letterlike)
		z+’§’+LAlt-’22’ or z+LAlt-’22’+’§’	ʑ+’§’	modifier letter small z with curl [not supported by Unicode]
ᶼ		z+LAlt-’33’+’§’		modifier letter small z with retroflex hook
ʒ	Ʒ
ʒ	Ʒ	z+Ctrl-’+’	LAlt-’z’	latin letter ezh (letterlike)
ᴣ		Z+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’<’		latin letter small capital ezh
ǯ	Ǯ	z+Ctrl-’+’+’◌̂’		latin letter ezh with caron
ᶾ		z+Ctrl-’+’+’§’		modifier letter small ezh
		z+Ctrl-’+’+LAlt-’44’		latin small letter ezh with palatal hook [not supported by Unicode]
ᶚ		z+Ctrl-’+’+LAlt-’33’		latin small letter ezh with retroflex hook
ʓ		z+Ctrl-’+’+LAlt-’22’		latin small letter ezh with curl
ƹ	Ƹ	z+Ctrl-’+’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		latin letter ezh reversed
ƺ		z+Ctrl-’+++++++++++’		latin small letter ezh with tail (letterlike)

⁰		0+’§’		superscript zero
₀		0+’§§’		subscript zero
¹		1+’§’		superscript one
₁		1+’§§’		subscript one
²		2+’§’		superscript two
₂		2+’§§’		subscript two
ƻ		2+Ctrl-’-’		latin letter two with stroke
ƨ	Ƨ	s+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’		latin letter tone two (reversed)
³		3+’§’		superscript three
₃		3+’§§’		subscript three
ꜫ		3+Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter tresillo (letterlike)
⁴		4+’§’		superscript four
₄		4+’§§’		subscript four
ꜭ		4+Ctrl-’+’		latin small letter cuatrillo (letterlike)
⁵		5+’§’		superscript five
₅		5+’§§’		subscript five
ƽ	Ƽ	5+Ctrl-‘++’ / 5+Ctrl-‘+’		latin letter tone five (letterlike )
⁶		6+’§’		superscript six
₆		6+’§§’		subscript six
ƅ	Ƅ	b+Ctrl-’++++’		latin letter tone six (letterlike)
⁷		7+’§’		superscript seven
₇		7+’§§’		subscript seven
⁸		8+’§’		superscript eight
₈		8+’§§’		subscript eight
∞		8+Ctrl-’+’		infinity (letterlike)
⁹		9+’§’		superscript nine
₉		9+’§§’		subscript nine
ⅰ	Ⅰ	i+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral one (digraph)
ⅱ	Ⅱ	ii+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral two (digraph)
ⅲ	Ⅲ	iii+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral three (digraph)
ⅳ	Ⅳ	iv+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral four (digraph)
ⅴ	Ⅴ	v+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral five (digraph)
ⅵ	Ⅵ	vi+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral one (digraph)
ⅶ	Ⅶ	vii+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral seven (digraph)
ⅷ	Ⅷ	viii+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral eight (digraph)
ⅸ	Ⅸ	ix+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral nine (digraph)
ⅹ	Ⅹ	x+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral ten (digraph)
ⅺ	Ⅺ	xi+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral eleven (digraph)
ⅻ	Ⅻ	xii+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral twelve (digraph)
ⅼ	Ⅼ	l+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral fifty (digraph)
ⅽ	Ⅽ	c+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral one hundred (digraph)
	Ↄ	C+Ctrl-‘2’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-‘+’		roman numeral reversed one hundred (digraph)
ⅾ	Ⅾ	d+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral five hundred (digraph)
ⅿ	Ⅿ	m+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral one thousand (digraph)
ↀ		CD+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral one thousand C D (digraph)
ↁ		DD+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral five thousand (digraph)
ↂ		MM+Ctrl-‘2’		roman numeral ten thousand (digraph)
⅟		1/=		fraction numerator one
½		1/2=		vulgar fraction one half
⅓		1/3=		vulgar fraction one third
⅔		2/3=		vulgar fraction two thirds
¼		1/4=		vulgar fraction one quarter
¾		3/4=		vulgar fraction three quarters
⅕		1/5=		vulgar fraction one fifth
⅖		2/5=		vulgar fraction two fifths
⅗		3/5=		vulgar fraction three fifths
⅘		4/5=		vulgar fraction four fifths
⅙		1/6=		vulgar fraction one sixths
⅚		5/6=		vulgar fraction five sixths
⅛		1/8=		vulgar fraction one eighth
⅜		3/8=		vulgar fraction three eighths
⅝		5/8=		vulgar fraction five eighths
⅞		7/8=		vulgar fraction seven eighths

Kommentar till tabellen / Remarks to the table

LingfilSemitica fungerar med alla teckensnitt som följer standarden Unicode och som innehåller de tecken som önskas. Även de senaste versionerna av Times New Roman och Arial som finns med i Windows Vista har de tecken som finns i tabellen (eller beskrivs nedan; med undantag av de tecken som inte är inkluderade i Unicodestandarden, t.ex. ).

Tabellen innehåller de tecken som är ”bokstavslikande” och kan ordnas i bokstavsordning. För övriga tecken se Internationella fonetiska alfabetet, Redaktionella tecken, Matematiska symboler, och övriga rubriker i innehållsförteckningen. Kombinationerna med flera diakritiska tecken på samma basbokstav som visas i tabellen uttömmer inte alla möjliga varianter.

Om ”stor bokstav” i tabellen

För att skriva motsvarande ”stor bokstav (versal)” (om sådan finns) av ett transkriptionstecken börjar man med motsvarande versala basbokstav (Ā = A+Ctrl-’-’).

5.Internationella fonetiska alfabetet

Följande beskrivning och uppställning av det fonetiska alfabetet är hämtad från beskrivningen av IPA, The International Phonetic Alphabet (rev. 2005) på hemsidan för The International Phonetic Association. The following description and display of IPA, the International Phonetic Alphabet (rev. 2005), accords with the principles laid down on the website of The International Phonetic Association.

För renodlat IPA-skrivande finns även tangentbordslayouten IPA Unicode för Keyman Desktop (kan hämtas på www.sil.org). Teckensnittet Charis SIL kan användas för alla IPA-tecken.
For full-fledged IPA writing, consider also the keyboard layout IPA Unicode for Keyman Desktop (available from www.sil.org). The font Charis SIL is suitable for all IPA symbols.

5.1 Pulmonisk-egressiva konsonanter (IPA) / Pulmonic consonants

(använder en luftström från lungan samt utandning av denna för att bilda ljud)

Där tecken uppträder i par i samma ruta är den övre tonlös och den undre tonande. /Pairs in the same table cell refer to voiceless/voiced variants.

Klicka på tecknet för att få instruktion hur tecknet skrivs med LingfilSemitica. /Click on the character for instructions how to write the sign in LingfilSemitica.

Further link

klusil/ plosive

nasal (nasalized)

tremulant/ trill

flapp/ tap, flap



frikativa/ fricative

lateral frikativa/ lateral fricative

halvvokal/ approximant

lateral halvvokal/ approximant

5.2 Icke-pulmoniska konsonanter (IPA) / Non-pulmonic

	bilabial	dental	alveolar	post-alveolar	palato-alveolar	alveolar lateral	velar	uvular
klickljud/ click	ʘ	ǀ	ǃ	ǃ	ǂ	ǁ
tonande implosiva/ voiced implosive	ɓ	ɗ	ɗ			ʄ	ɠ	Ɠ
ejektiva/ ejective	pʼ	tʼ	tʼ sʼ				kʼ

5.3 Vokaler (IPA) / Vowels

	främre / front		mellan / central		bakre / back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded

Close	i	y	ɨ	ʉ	ɯ	u
Near-close	ɪ	ʏ				ʊ
Close-mid	e	ø	ɘ	ɵ	ɤ	o
Mid			ə
Open-mid	ɛ	œ	ɜ	ɞ	ʌ	ɔ
Near-open	æ		ɐ
Open	a	ɶ			ɑ	ɒ

5.4 Diakritiska tecken (IPA) / Diacritics

̥	Voiceless	n̥ d̥	̤	Breathy voiced	b̤ a̤	̪	Dental	t̪ d̪
̬	Voiced	s̬ t̬	̰	Creaky voiced	b̰ a̰	̺	Apical	t̺ d̺
ʰ	Aspirated	tʰ dʰ	̼	Linguo-labial	t̼ d̼	̻	Laminal	t̻ d̻
̹	More rounded	ɔ̹	ʷ	Labialized	tʷ dʷ	̃	Nasalized	ẽ
̜	Less rounded	ɔ̜	ʲ	Palatalized	tʲ dʲ	ⁿ	Nasal release	dⁿ
̟	Advanced	u̟	ˠ	Velarized	tˠ dˠ	ˡ	Lateral release	dˡ
̱	Retracted	e̱	ˤ	Pharyngealized	tˤ dˤ	̚	No audible release (unreleased)	d̚
̈	Centralized	ë	̴	Velarized or pharyngealized	ɫ
̽	Mid-centralized	e̽	̝	Raised	e̝ (ɹ̝ = voiced alveolar fricative)
̩	Syllabic	n̩	̞	Lowered	e̞ (β̞ = voiced bilabial approximant)
̯	Non-syllabic	e̯	̘	Advanced tongue root	e̘
˞	Rhotic	e˞	̙	Retracted tongue root	e̙

5.5 Andra IPA-symboler / Other IPA symbols

	IPA description	LingfilSemitica

ʍ	Voiceless labial-velar fricative approximant	w+Shift-Ctrl-’+’
w	Voiced labial-velar approximant	w
ɥ	Voiced labial-palatal approximant	h+Shift-Ctrl-’+’
ʜ	Voiced epiglottal fricative	H+Ctrl-’<’
ʢ	Voiced epiglottal fricative	Shift-Alt-’.’+Ctrl-’-’
ʡ	Epiglottal plosive	Shift-Alt-’,’+Ctrl-’-’
ɕ	Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative	c+LAlt-’22’
ʑ	Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative	z+LAlt-’22’
ɺ	Voiced alveolar lateral flap	r+Ctrl-’+++’
ɧ	Simultaneous ʃ and X	h+Ctrl-’++++’
k͡p	(affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar)	k#&p
ʘ	Bilabial click	O+Ctrl-’...’
ǀ	Dental click	RAlt-’\|\|’
ǃ	(Post-)alveolar click	Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’!’
ǂ	Palatoalveolar click	’=’+Alt-’\|’
ǁ	Alveolar lateral click	RAlt-’\|\|\|’

5.6 Suprasegmentella symboler (IPA) / Suprasegmentals

		LingfilSemitica

ˈ	Primary stress	Alt-’◌́’
ˌ	Secondary stress	Alt-’◌́◌́’
ː	Long	’::’
ˑ	Half-long	’:::’
˘	Extra-short	Shift-Ctrl-’-’
.	Syllable break	.
\|	Minor intonation group (foot)	LAlt-’\|’
‖	Major intonation group	LAlt-’\|\|’
‿	Linking (absence of a break)	LAlt-’\|\|\|’

5.7 Tones and word accents (IPA)

			LingfilSemitica
alt. 1	alt. 2		alt. 1	alt. 2
Level
é	˦	High tone level	e+’◌́’	’#◌́’
e̋	˥	Extra high tone level	e+’◌́◌́’	’#◌́◌́’
ē	˧	Mid tone level	e+Ctrl-’-’	#+Ctrl-’-’
è	˨	Low tone level	e+’◌̀’	’#◌̀’
ȅ	˩	Extra low tone level	e+’◌̀◌̀’	’#◌̀◌̀’
		Upstep	#>
		Downstep	#<

Contour
ě	˩˥	Rising tone contour	e+’◌̂◌̂’ or e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂’	Shift-Alt-’◌̂’
ê	˥˩	Falling tone contour	e+’◌̂’ or e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂’	Shift-Alt-’◌̂◌̂’
e᷄	˧˥	High rising tone contour	e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂’	Shift-Alt-’◌̂◌̂◌̂’
e᷅	˩˧	Low rising tone contour	e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’	Shift-Alt-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’
e᷈	˧˦˧	Rising-falling	e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’	Shift-Alt-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’
e᷉	˦˧˦	Falling-rising	e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’	Shift-Alt-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’
e᷆			e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’
e᷇			e+Shift-Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’
	˧˩			Shift-Alt-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’
	˥˧			Shift-Alt-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’
	↗	Global rising intonation		#>>
	↘	Global falling intonation		#<<

5.8 Andra fonetiska symboler / Other phonetic symbols

		LingfilSemitica

ʬ	bilabial percussive	ww+Ctrl-’3’
ʭ	bidental percussive	RCtrl-RAlt-’--’+Ctrl-’3’
ᴤ	voiced laryngeal spirant	s+Ctrl-’+++++’

5.9 Skriva IPA med LingfilSemitica / Key strokes for writing IPA

För att skriva IPA-tecken, använd i första hand tabellerna 5.1 – 5.4 och klicka på en enskild symbol eller kolumnhuvud för att komma vidare till hur symbolen ska skrivas med LingfilSemitica.

For IPA writing, use in the first hand the tables 5.1 – 5.4. Click on the single symbol or the table head in a column and you will come to an instruction how to write the symbol.

Bilabialer (IPA) / Bilabial

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	p b	p b
nasal	m	m
tremulant/ trill	ʙ	B+Ctrl-’<’
frikativa/ fricative	ɸ β	f+Ctrl-’+’ b+Ctrl-’+’
klickljud/ click	ʘ	O+Ctrl-’...’
tonande implosiva/ voiced impl.	ɓ	b+LAlt-’55’
ejektiva/ ejective	pʼ	p+Shift-Alt-’'’

Labiodentaler (IPA) / Labiodental

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive
nasal	ɱ	m+LAlt-’55’
flapp / tap, flap		v+Ctrl-’++’
frikativa/ fricative	f v	f v
halvvokal/ approximant	ʋ	v+LAlt-’55’

Dentaler (IPA) / Dental

		LingfilSemitica

frikativa/ fricative	θ ð	t+Ctrl-’+’ or RAlt-’t’ Alt-’d’
klickljud/ click	ǀ	RAlt-’\|\|’
tonande implosiva/ voiced impl.	ɗ	d+LAlt-’55’
ejektiva/ ejective	sʼ	t+Shift-Alt-’'’

Alveolarer (IPA) / Alveolar

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	t d	t d
nasal	n	n
tremulant/ trill	r	r
flapp / tap, flap	ɾ	r+Ctrl-’+++++++’
frikativa/ fricative	s z	s z
lateral frikativa/ lateral fricative	ɬ ɮ	l+Ctrl-’++++’ lz+Ctrl-’+’+Ctrl-’2’
halvvokal/ approximant	ɹ	r+Shift-Ctrl-’+’
lateral halvvokal/ approximant	l	l
klickljud/ click	ǃ	Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’!’
tonande implosiva/ voiced impl.	ɗ	d+LAlt-’55’
ejektiva/ ejective	tʼ	t+Shift-Alt-’'’
ejektiva/ ejective	sʼ	s+Shift-Alt-’'’
lateralt klickljud/ lateral click	ǁ	RAlt-’\|\|\|’
lateral tonande implosiva/ lateral voiced implosive	ʄ	f+LAlt-’55’

Postalveolarer (IPA) / Postalveolar

		LingfilSemitica

frikativa/ fricative	ʃ ʒ	s+Ctrl-’+++’ z+Ctrl-’+’
klickljud/ click	ǃ	Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’!’

Palatoalveolarer (IPA) / Palato-alveolar

		LingfilSemitica

klickljud/ click	ǂ	’=’+Alt-’\|’

Retroflexer (IPA) / Retroflex

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	ʈ ɖ	t+LAlt-’33’ d+Ctrl-’++++’
nasal	ɳ	n+LAlt-’33’
flapp / tap, flap	ɽ	r+Ctrl-’++++++’
frikativa/ fricative	ʂ ʐ	s+LAlt-’55’ z+LAlt-’33’
halvvokal/ approximant	ɻ	r+Ctrl-’++’ or r+Shift-Ctrl-’+’ +LAlt-’55’
lateral halvvokal/ approximant	ɭ	l+LAlt-’33’

Palataler (IPA) / Palatal

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	c ɟ	c j+Ctrl-’.’+Ctrl-’-’
nasal	ɲ	n+Ctrl-’+’
frikativa/ fricative	ç ʝ	c+LAlt-’'’ j+LAlt-’22’ / j+Ctrl-’+’
halvvokal/ approximant	j	j
lateral halvvokal/ approximant	ʎ	y+Shift-Ctrl-’+’

Velarer (IPA) / Velar

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	k ɡ	k g+Ctrl-’+++’
frikativa/ fricative	x ɣ	x g+Ctrl-’++’
halvvokal/ approximant	ɰ	m+Ctrl-’+++++’
lateral halvvokal/ approximant	ʟ	L+Ctrl-’<’
tonande implosiva/ voiced impl.	ɠ	g+LAlt-’55’
ejektiva/ ejective	kʼ	k+Shift-Alt-’'’

Uvularer (IPA) / Uvular

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	q ɢ	q G+Ctrl-’<’
nasal	ɴ	N+Ctrl-’<’
tremulant/ trill	ʀ	R+Ctrl-’<’
frikativa/ fricative	χ ʁ	x+Ctrl-’+’ R+Ctrl-’<’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’
tonande implosiva/ voiced impl.	Ɠ	G+LAlt-’55’

Faryngaler (IPA) / Pharyngeal

LingfilSemitica

frikativa/ fricative

h+Ctrl-’--’

Shift-Alt-’.’

Glottaler (IPA) / Glottal

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	ʔ	Shift-Alt-’,’
frikativa/ fricative	h ɦ	h h+LAlt-’55’

Epiglottaler (IPA) / Epiglottal

		LingfilSemitica

klusil/ plosive	ʡ	Shift-Alt-’,’+Ctrl-’-’
frikativa/ fricative	ʜ ʢ	H+Ctrl-’<’ Shift-Alt-’.’+Ctrl-’-’

Vokaler: främre orundade / Vowels: Fronted unrounded

		LingfilSemitica

Close	i	i
Near-close	ɪ	I+Ctrl-’<’
Close-mid	e	e
Open-mid	ɛ	Ctrl-’ä’
Near-open	æ	Alt-’ä’
Open	a	a

Vokaler: främre rundade / Vowels: Fronted rounded

		LingfilSemitica

Close	y	y
Near-close	ʏ	Y+Ctrl-’<’
Close-mid	ø	Alt-’ö’
Open-mid	œ	Ctrl-’ö’
Near-open
Open	ɶ	Shift-Ctrl-’ö’+Ctrl-’<’

Vokaler: mellan orundade / Vowels: Central unrounded

		LingfilSemitica

Close	ɨ	i+Ctrl-’--’
Close-mid	ɘ	e+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’
Mid	ə	Alt-’e’
Open-mid	ɜ	Ctrl-’ä’+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’
Near-open	ɐ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’+’
Open

Vokaler: mellan rundade / Vowels: Central rounded

		LingfilSemitica

Close	ʉ	u+Ctrl-’--’
Close-mid	ɵ	o+Ctrl-’--’
Mid	ə	Alt-’e’
Open-mid	ɞ	e+Ctrl-’+++++++++++’
Near-open	ɐ	a+Shift-Ctrl-’+’

Vokaler: bakre orundade / Vowels: Back unrounded

		LingfilSemitica

Close	ɯ	m+Shift-Ctrl-’+’
Close-mid	ɤ	g+Ctrl-’+++++++’
Open-mid	ʌ	v+Shift-Ctrl-’+’
Open	ɑ	a+Ctrl-’+++’

Vokaler: bakre rundade / Vowels: Back rounded

		LingfilSemitica

Close	u	u
Near-close	ʊ	u+Ctrl-’+’
Close-mid	o	o
Open-mid	ɔ	c+Shift-Ctrl-’+’
Open	ɒ	a+Ctrl-’++++’

6.Nasaliserad [tilde (◌̃)] (IPA) / Nasalized

Tilde (◌̃) ovanför basbokstav skrivs genom ʼ◌̃ʼ (LAlt-’◌̈’) / Tilde is written by ’◌̃’ (LAlt-ʼ◌̈ʼ).

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck LAlt-’◌̈’. Begin with the base character. Type LAlt-’◌̈’.

Ex. 1: ã = a+ʼ◌̃ʼ

Ex. 2: ñ = n+ʼ◌̃ʼ

Anm.: Upprepad tryckning ger upphov till tilde under bokstaven: ṵ. Repeated typing results in a tilde below: ṵ (creak).

7.Velariserad-faryngaliserad [tilde ~] (IPA) / Velarized-pharyngealized / [Middle tilde]

Tilde genom basbokstav (~) fås genom RAlt-’◌̈’. Middle tilde to the base character is achieved by RAlt-’◌̈’.

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck RAlt-’◌̈’. Begin with the base character. Type RAlt-’◌̈’.

Ex. 1: ᵰ = n+RAlt-’◌̈’ (~ markerar/marks velarisering/velarization [IPA])

Ex. 2: ᵬ = b+RAlt-’◌̈’ (velariserat/velarized b)

Ex. 3: ɫ = l+RAlt-’◌̈’ (velariserat/velarized l)

8.Aspirerad [ʰ] (IPA) / Aspirated

IPA-symbolen för aspirerat uttal är [ʰ] vilket skrivs genom att första skriva ’h’ och sedan göra bokstaven liten och upphöjd (”modifier letter” eller ”superscript”) genom att trycka ’§’. The IPA symbol for aspirated release [ʰ] is added by first typing ’h’ and then ’§’.

Ex. 1: tʰ = t+’h’+’§’

Ex. 2: dʰ = d+’h’+’§’

9.Pre-postnasaliserad [ⁿ] (IPA) / Pre-post nasalized

IPA-symbolen för för- och efternasalisering är [ⁿ] vilket skrivs genom att första skriva ’n’ och sedan göra den liten och upphöjd (”modifier letter” eller ”superscript”) genom att trycka ’§’. The IPA symbol for pre- or post nasalized [ⁿ] is added by first typing ’n’ and then ’§’.

Ex. 1: ⁿk = n+’§’+’k’

Ex. 2: kⁿ = k+’n’+’§’

10.Faryngaliserad [ˤ] (IPA) / Pharyngealized

IPA-symbolen för faryngalisering är [ˤ] vilket skrivs genom att första skriva ’ʕ’ och sedan göra den liten och upphöjd (”modifier letter” eller ”superscript”) genom att trycka ’§’. The IPA symbol for pharyngealization [ˤ] is added by first typing ’ʕ’ and then ’§’.

Ex.: tˤ = t+Shift-Alt-’.’+’§’

11.Labialiserad [ʷ](IPA) / Labialized

IPA-symbolen för labialisering är [ʷ] vilket skrivs genom att första skriva ’w’ och sedan göra den liten och upphöjd (”modifier letter” eller ”superscript”) genom att trycka ’§’. The IPA symbol for labialized [ʷ] is added by first typing ’w’ and then ’§’.

Ex.: tʷ = t+’w§’

12.Palataliserad [ʲ] (IPA) / Palatalized

IPA-symbolen för palatalisering är [ʲ] vilket skrivs genom att första skriva ’j’ och sedan göra den liten och upphöjd (”modifier letter” eller ”superscript”) genom att trycka ’§’. The IPA symbol for labialized [ʲ] is added by first typing ’j’ and then ’§’.

Ex.: tʲ = t+’j§’

13.Lateraliserad [ˡ] (IPA) / Lateral release

IPA-symbolen för lateralisering är [ˡ] vilket skrivs genom att första skriva ’l’ och sedan göra den liten och upphöjd (”modifier letter” eller ”superscript”) genom att trycka ’§’. The IPA symbol for lateral release [ˡ] is added by first typing ’l’ and then ’§’.

Ex.: dˡ = d+’l§’

14.Tonande-tonlös [Caron below (◌̬) – Ring (◌̥)] (IPA) / Voiced-voiceless

1. Tonande [Caron below (◌̬)] / Voiced

Tecknet för tonande konsonant läggs till basbokstaven genom att upprepa ’◌̂’ tre gånger (’◌̂◌̂◌̂’). The sign for voiced character is added to the base character by typing ’◌̂◌̂◌̂’.

2. Tonlös [Ring (◌̊/◌̥)] / Voiceless

Tecknet för tonlöshet är en ring under konsonanten. Växling ring (°) över/under basbokstav fås genom Alt-’o’ The sign for voicelessness is a ring below the base character. A ring above/below toggle is achieved by Alt-ʼoʼ.

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck Alt-’oo’. Begin with the base character. Type Alt-ʼooʼ.

Ex. 1: n̥ = n+Alt-’oo’

Ex. 2: ů = u+Alt-’o’

Anm.: åÅ kan även skrivas med å-tangenten.

Rem.: åÅ can also be typed by the å-key on the Swedish national keyboard.

15.Velariserad [ˠ] (IPA) / Velarized

IPA-symbolen för velarisering är [ˠ] vilket skrivs genom att första skriva ’ɣ’ och sedan göra den liten och upphöjd (”modifier letter” eller ”superscript”) genom att trycka ’§’. The IPA symbol for labialized [ˠ] is added by first typing ’ɣ’ and then ’§’.

Ex.: lˠ = l+’g’+Ctrl-’++’+’§’

16.Dental/apical/laminal/linguo-labial (IPA)

De diakritiska tecknen för dental/apical/laminal/linguo-labial i IPA läggs till med Ctrl-’◌̂’. The IPA diacritics for dental/apical/laminal/linguo-labial are added by typing Ctrl-’◌̂’.

Ex. 1: t̪ = t+Ctrl-’◌̂’ [”dental”]

Ex. 2: t̺ = t+Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂’ [”apical”]

Ex. 3: t̻ = t+Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂’ [”laminal”]

Ex. 4: t̼ = t+Ctrl-’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’ [”linguo-labial”]

17.Centralized/rounded/advanced/retracted/raised/ATR (IPA)

De diakritiska tecknen för mid-centralized / rounded / advanced / retracted / raised / ATR i IPA läggs till med upprepade Ctrl-’,’. The IPA diacritics for mid-centralized/ rounded/ advanced/ retracted/ raised/ ATR are added by repeated typing of Ctrl-’,’.

Ex. 1: e̦ = e+Ctrl-’,’ (comma under / comma below)

Ex. 2: e̽ = e+Ctrl-’,,’ [2×] (mid centralized)

Ex. 3: e͓ = e+Ctrl-’,,,’ [3×]

Ex. 4: e̹ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,’ [4×] (more rounded)

Ex. 5: e̜ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,,’ [5×] (less rounded)

Ex. 6: u̟ = u+Ctrl-’,,,,,,’ [6×] (advanced)

Ex. 7: i̠ = i+Ctrl-’,,,,,,,’ [7×] (retracted)

Ex. 8: e̝ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,,,,,’ [8×] (raised)

Ex. 9: e̞ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,,,,,,’ [9×] (lowered)

Ex. 10: e̘ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,,,,,,,’ [10×] (+ATR: advanced tongue root)

Ex. 11: e̙ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,,,,,,,,’ [11×] (-ATR: retracted tongue root)

Anm.: IPA-symbolen för centralt uttalt är ett trema över vokalen: ë./ Rem.: The IPA sign for centralized pronunciation is a diaeresis: ë.

18.Syllabisk-ickesyllabisk-knarrande-rhotisk-ohörbar [◌̩/◌̯/◌̰/◌˞/◌̚] (IPA) / Syllabic-nonsyllabic-creaky-rhotic-unreleased

De diakritiska tecknen för stavelsebildande/ icke stavelsebildande/ knarrande läggs till med Ctrl-’'’ / The IPA diacritics for syllabic/ non-syllabic / creaky are added by typing Ctrl-’'’.

Ex. 1: l̩ = l+Ctrl-’'’ [”syllabisk/syllabic”]

Ex. 2: a̯ = a+Ctrl-’''’ [”ickesyllabisk/nonsyllabic”]

Ex. 3: a̰ = a+Ctrl-’'''’ [”knarrande/creaky”]

Ex. 4: e˞ = e+Ctrl-’''''’ [”rhotisk/rhotic”]

Ex. 5: t̚ = t+Ctrl-’'''''’ [”ohörbar/unreleased”] o̚ ◌̚

Anm. 1/Rem. 1: Tecknet för icke-syllabisk kan också läggas till med Shift-Ctrl-’---’. The diacritic for non-syllabic can be added also by Shift-Ctrl-’---’.

Anm. 2/Rem. 2: Tecknet för knarrljud kan också läggas till med LAlt-’◌̈◌̈’ (◌̃◌̃). The diacritic for creaky can be added also by LAlt-’◌̈◌̈’ (◌̃◌̃).

19.Flåsuttal [ ̤ ] (IPA) / Breathy

IPA-symbolen för flåsuttal är ett trema under basbokstaven: s̤, som skrivs genom upprepat trema. / Add the IPA sign for breathy pronunciation by repeating the diaeresis.

Ex.: s̤ = s+’◌̈◌̈’

20.Affrikata [ ͡ ] (IPA) / Affricate

Dubbel artikulation (affrikata) markeras genom att skriva ’# &’ mellan de tecken som berörs. Double articulation/affricate is marked by typing ’#&’ between the signs.

Ex.: k͡p = k#&p

21.Intonation [↘ and ↗] (IPA) / Intonation

Stigande/Rising: ↗ = ’-’+’>’+’+++++++’

Fallande/Falling: ↘ = ’-’+’>’+’+’

22.Descender

Descender läggs till basbokstaven genom LAlt-’66’. Add a descender to the base character by typing LAlt-’66’.

Ex.: ⱨ= h+LAlt-’66’

Anm.: Endast för/only for hHkKzZ.

23.Krok / Hook

Lägg till krok till basbokstaven genom att skriva LAlt-’55’ (’€€’). Add a hook to the base character by typing LAlt-’55’ (’€€’) after the base character.

Ex.: Ȥ = Z+LAlt-’55’

Anm./Rem.: Bara för/only for bBcCdDǝəɜfFgGɢhꜧɟkKmMpPqɹstTvVwWxXyYzZ.

24.Palatal krok (IPA) / Palatal hook

Lägg till en palatal krok under basbokstaven genom att skriva LAlt-’44’ (’$$’). Add a palatal hook under a character by typing LAlt-’44’ (’$$’) after the base character.

Ex.: ᶀ = b+LAlt-’44’

Anm./Rem.: Endast för/only for bcdfgklˡmnprsʃtᵗvxzZʒ.

25.Retroflex krok (IPA) / Retroflex hook

Lägg till en retroflex krok under basbokstaven genom att skriva LAlt-’33’ (’££’). Add a retroflex hook under base character by typing LAlt-’33’ (’££’) after the base character.

Ex.: ᶏ = a+LAlt-’33’

Anm./Rem.: Endast för/only for aɑɗeɛɜəǝilnɔˢʃtTuzᶻʒ.

26.Alveolopalatal Lock (IPA) / Curl

Lägg till en ”hårlock” på basbokstaven genom att skriva LAlt-’22’ (’@@’). Add a curl to the base character by typing LAlt-’22’ (’@@’) after the base character.

Ex.: ɕ = c+LAlt-’22’

Anm./Rem.: Endast för/only for cdijʲlɭʟnʃtvzʒᶻ.

27.Markör för ejektiva (◌ʼ) (IPA) / Ejective mark

Lägg till en markör för ejektiva efter basbokstaven genom att skriva Shift-Alt-’'’. Upprepade tryckningar skapar i tur och ordning 2) apostrof (rak), 3) omvänt komma, och 4) ”upp-och-nervänt” komma. Add an ejective mark after the base character by typing Shift-Alt-’'’. Repeated typing of Shift-Alt-’'’ creates in order 2) apostrophe, 3) modifier letter reversed comma and 4) modifier letter turned comma.

Ex. 1: pʼ = p+Shift-Alt-’'’

Ex. 2: p' = p+Shift-Alt-’'’+’'’

Ex. 3: pʽ = p+Shift-Alt-’'’+’'’+’'’

Ex. 4: pʻ = p+Shift-Alt-’'’+’'’+’'’+’'’

28.Liten versal (IPA) / Small capital

Små versaler erhålls genom att skriva Ctrl-’<’ efter basbokstaven (kan endast vara versal). Small capitals are written by typing Ctrl-’<’ after the base character (only a capital letter).

Ex.: ᴀ = A+Ctrl-’<’

Anm./Rem.: Endast för/only for AÆBCDĐEGƓHҢIJKLŁMNᴎOƆŒȢP∏RTҬUƱVWYZƷΓʔ.

29.Akut accent (◌́/◌̋) / Acute (◌́/◌̋)

Akut accent läggs till basbokstaven med den vanliga akuttangenten. Upprepad tryckning fördubblar accenten, som i ű. En tryckning till tar bort accenten. The acute is added to the base character by typing the acute key. Repeated typing results in doubled accent, as in ű. One more touch of the acute key removes the accent.

Ex. 1: á = a+’◌́’

Ex. 2: ő = o+’◌́◌́’

30.Grav accent (◌̀/◌̏) / Grave (◌̀/◌̏)

Grav accent läggs till basbokstaven med den vanliga grav-tangenten (Shift-’◌́’). Upprepad tryckning fördubblar accenten, som i ȕ. En tryckning till tar bort accenten. The grave is added to the base character by typing the grave key (Shift-’◌́’). Repeated typing results in doubled accent, as in ȕ. One more touch of the grave key removes the accent.

Ex. 1: à = a+’◌̀’

Ex. 2: ȍ = o+’◌̀◌̀’

31.Trema (◌̈/◌̤) / Diaeresis (◌̈/◌̤)

Trema läggs till basbokstaven med den vanliga trema-tangenten. Upprepad tryckning placerar trema under basbokstaven. Ytterligare en tryckning tar bort trema. Diaeresis is added to the base character by typing the diaeresis key. Repeated typing places the diaeresis below the base character. Typing once again removes the diaeresis.

Ex. 1: ë = e+’◌̈’ [IPA: ”centralized”]

Ex. 2: e̤ = e+’◌̈◌̈’ [IPA: ”breathy”]

32.Macron/streck under (◌̄/◌̱) Macron/stroke (bar)/line below

Växling line below/stroke eller macron/stroke eller macron/stroke/line below (”macron toggle”) sker med Ctrl-’-’. Bokstäver får genom denna växling flera varianter alla med ett vågrätt streck: 1) streck under, 2) streck genom, 3) (hög) macron, 4) utan macron. Exempel för b: 1) ḇ, 2) ƀ, 3) b̄, 4) b. Sista tryckningen tar alltid bort macron. Varianternas utseende varierar med bokstaven. Vokaler har vanligen tre lägen: (hög) macron/streck under/utan macron (ex.: ā, a̱, a). Toggling between line below/stroke (bar) or macron/stroke (bar) or macron/stroke (bar)/line below is achieved with Ctrl-’-’. This toggle turns a consonant into one of several variants: line below/stroke (bar)/macron/none, depending on the base character. Ex. for b: 1) ḇ, 2) ƀ, 3) b̄, 4) b. The last press of the key removes the macron. Vowels usually have the three variants macron/line below/no macron (ex.: ā, a̱, a).

Ex. 1: ṯ = t+Ctrl-’-’

Ex. 2: ḡ = g+Ctrl-’-’

Ex. 3: ƀ = b+Ctrl-ʼ--ʼ

Ex. 4: ā = a+Ctrl-ʼ-ʼ

Ex. 5: e̱ = e+Ctrl-ʼ--ʼ

Ex. 6: ḗ = e+Ctrl-ʼ-ʼ+ʼ◌́ʼ eller/or e+ʼ◌́ʼ+Ctrl-ʼ-ʼ

Ex. 7: ø̄ = Alt-ʼöʼ+Ctrl-’-’

33.Breve (◌̆/◌̑/◌̯/◌̮)

Växling hög/låg breve och inverterat breve görs genom Shift-Ctrl-bindestreck (Shift-Ctrl-’-’)

High/low breve and inverted breve are toggled by Shift-Ctrl-’-’.

Börja med basbokstaven. Skriv till breve genom att trycka Shift-Ctrl-’-’. Skriv inverterat breve genom att upprepa tryckningen. Låga breven fås genom ytterligare tryckningar.

Begin with the base character. Type breve by Shift-Ctrl-ʼ-ʼ. Change it to inverted breve by repeating the key. Low breves are achieved by further repeating.

Ex. 1: ă = a+Shift-Ctrl-’-’

Ex. 2: ȃ = a+Shift-Ctrl-’--ʼ

Ex. 3: ĕ̀ = e+Shift-Ctrl-’-’+’◌̀’ eller/or e+’◌̀’+Shift-Ctrl-’-’

Ex. 4: ğ = g+Shift-Ctrl-’-’ (ğ används i turkiska, ej att förväxla med arabiskt ǧ/ğ is used in Turkish, not to be confused with Arabic ǧ)

Ex. 5: u̯ = u+Shift-Ctrl-’---ʼ

Ex. 6: i̮ = i+Shift-Ctrl-’----ʼ

34.Punkt under-över (◌̣/◌̇) / Dot below-above (◌̣/◌̇)

Växling punkt under/över bokstav görs genom Ctrl-punkt (Ctrl-’.’) / Toggle dot below/dot above is done by Ctrl-period (Ctrl-ʼ.ʼ).

Många bokstäver får härigenom tre lägen: 1) punkt under, 2) punkt över, 3) utan punkt. Börja med basbokstaven. Skriv till punkten genom att trycka Ctrl-’.’.

By this toggle three variants are achieved for many characters: 1) dot below, 2) dot above, 3) no dot. Begin with the base character. Then type Ctrl-’.’.

Ex. 1: ṣ = s+Ctrl-’.’

Ex. 2: ạ = a+Ctrl-’.’

Ex. 3: ụ́ = u+Ctrl-’.’+’◌́’ eller/or u+’◌́’+Ctrl-’.’

Ex. 4: ḏ̣ = d+Ctrl-’-’+Ctrl-’.’ eller/or d+Ctrl-’-’+Ctrl-’.’

Ex. 5: θ̣ = RAlt-’t’+Ctrl-’.’

Ex. 6: ġ = g+Ctrl-’.’ (for g, the toggle produces first ġ, then g̣)

Rem. 1: For s, the toggle produces 1) ṣ, 2) ṡ, 3) ṩ.

Rem. 2: For i, the toggle produces 1) ị, 2) ı.

Rem. 3: For I, the toggle produces 1) Ị, 2) İ.

35.Caron-circumflex (◌̌/◌̂/◌̬/◌̭)

Växling caron/cirkumflex (◌̌/◌̂/◌̬/◌̭) sker genom ’◌̂’ (Shift-ʼ◌̈ʼ). A caron/circumflex toggling (◌̌/◌̂/◌̬/◌̭) is performed by ’◌̂’.

Många bokstäver har tre lägen: 1) med caron (äv. kallad ”haček”), 2) med cirkumflex, 3) utan vare sig caron eller cirkumflex. Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck på ’◌̂’. Many characters by this toggle receive three variants: 1) with caron (also called “haček”), 2) with circumflex, 3) neither caron nor circumflex. Begin with the base character. Type ʼ◌̂ʼ.

Ex. 1: ǧ = g+’◌̂’

Ex. 2: ĝ = g+’◌̂◌̂’

Ex. 3: s̬ = s+’◌̂◌̂◌̂’

Ex. 4: ḽ = l+’◌̂◌̂◌̂◌̂’

Rem.: For vowels the toggle begins with circumflex: â = a+’◌̂’.

36.Upphöjd-nedsänkt / Modifier letter (superscript)-subscript

Växling superscript/subscript åstadkoms med §-tangenten. Toggle superscript (modifier letter)/subscript is achieved by typing the §-key.

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck på §-tangenten. Begin with the base character. Type the §-key.

Ex. 1: ᵃ = a+’§’

Ex. 2: t³ = t3+’§’

Ex. 3: F₃ = F3+ʼ§§ʼ

Ex. 4: ˠ = g+Ctrl-’++’+’§’ (IPA ”velarized”: first create ’ɣ’ then make it modifier letter by the §-key)

Ex. 4: ˤ = Shift-Alt-’.’+’§’ (IPA ”pharyngealized”: first create ’ʕ’ then make it modifier letter by the §-key)

Anm. 1: Detta är ”äkta” super-/subscripttecken (ej en deformering av normalstora tecken).

Anm. 2: Tyvärr finns inte ^å som ett unikt tecken i unicode. Använd i stället Words superscriptfunktion (”upphöjd”).

Anm. 3: Upphöjda parenteser skrivs genom dubbla §-tecken: ⁽ = ’(§§’; ⁾ = ’)§§’.

Rem. 1: Those are real separate superscript and subscript characters (not deformed base characters).

Rem. 2: There is no unique ^å in unicode. Use instead Word’s superscript function (a deformation of ’å’).

Rem. 3: Superscript parentheses are written by doubling the §-sign: ⁽ = ’(§§’; ⁾ = ’)§§’.

37.Cedilla-Ogonek (◌̧ /◌̨)

Växling cedilla (◌̧)/ogonek (◌̨) uppnås genom upprepad tryckning av LAlt-’'’.

A cedilla (◌̧)/ogonek (◌̨) toggling is performed by typing LAlt-’'’ after the base character.

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck LAlt-’'’ (LAlt-apostrof).

Begin with the base character. Then type LAlt-’'’.

Ex. 1: ç = c+LAlt-’'’; ȩ = e+LAlt-’'’

Ex. 2: ǫ = o+LAlt-(’'’+’'’); ę = e+LAlt-(’'’+’'’)

38.Komma under / Comma below

Kommatecken under basbokstaven fås genom Ctrl-’,’. Add comma below by typing Ctrl-’,’.

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck sedan Ctrl-’,’. Begin with the base character. Then type Ctrl-’,’.

Ex. 1: ķ = k+Ctrl-’,’

Ex. 2: ḗ̦ = e+Ctrl-’-’+’◌́’+Ctrl-’,’

Ex. 3: e̹ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,’

Ex. 4: e̜ = e+Ctrl-’,,,,,’

Anm. 1: För vidare information om växlingen av diakritika med Ctrl-’,’ se / For further details of this toggle see IPA centralized/rounded/advanced/retracted/raised/ATR.

Anm. 2: För många tecken finns det en skillnad mellan cedilla (ş) och komma under (ș). Rem. 2: For many characters there is a difference between cedilla (ş) and comma below (ș).

39.”Bokstavsliknande” tecken / ”Letter-like” characters

”Bokstavsliknande” tecken fås genom att trycka Ctrl-’+’ upprepade gånger efter basbokstaven. ”Letter-like” characters are achieved by repeated typing of Ctrl-’+’ after the base character.

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck Ctrl-’+’ tills önskad bokstav framträder.

Begin with the base character. Type Ctrl-’+’ until the required character is displayed.

Ex. 1: β = b+Ctrl-’+’

Ex. 2: ᶀ = b+Ctrl-’++’

Ex. 3: ʤ = d+Ctrl-’+++++++++’

Ex. 4: ɣ = g+Ctrl-’++’

Ex. 5: ˠ = g+Ctrl-’++’+’§’ (cf. above)

Ex. 6: ʃ = s+Ctrl-’+++’

Ex. 7: ≠ = ’=’+Ctrl-’++’ eller/or ’=’+Ctrl-’/’

Anm. 1: Användaren rekommenderas att experimentera med olika kombinationer av basbokstav och Ctrl-plustecken. The user is recommended to experiment with several combinations of base character and ”Ctrl-pluses”.

40.Rotera tecken / Turn (rotate) a character

Vissa tecken kan vridas roteras genom att trycka på Shift-Ctrl-’+’. Some characters can be turned clockwise by typing the Shift-Ctrl-’+’ after the base character.

Börja med basbokstaven. Tryck sedan Shift-Ctrl-’+’. Begin with the base character. Then type Shift-Ctrl-’+’.

Ex. 1: ¡ = !+Shift-Ctrl-’+’

Ex. 2: ¿ = ?+Shift-Ctrl-’+’

Ex. 3: ʞ = k+Shift-Ctrl-’+’

Ex. 4: × = ’+’+Shift-Ctrl-’+’

Anm./Rem.: Endast för/only for !?aɑᵃⱭæcCᴄδeɛᵉᵋghiⁱİkmMᵐɴoøœᴖPrɼʀʳᴙtuᵘü

vᵛVwʕyʸ+8ʡ.

41.Spegelvänd tecken / Reverse a character

Vissa tecken kan spegelvändas i förhållande till en lodrät axel genom Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’-tangenten. Some characters can be reversed (mirrored) horisontally (in relation to a vertical axis) by typing the Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’ key.

Ex.: ƨ = s+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’+’

Anm./Rem.: Bara för/only for cCᴄeEɛЄɞɴᴺɾʀᴚsSʒƷʔˀʾⅭ.

42.Invertera tecken / Invert a character

Vissa tecken kan spegelvändas i förhållande till en horisontell axel genom Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’-tangenten. A few characters may be inverted (mirrored) vertically (in relation to a horizontal axis) by typing the Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’ key.

Ex.: ¡ = !+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’

Anm. 1/Rem. 1: Bara för/only for !?ʡʔʀ.

Rem. 2: Although ¿ is actually a rotated question mark, it is called ‘inverted’ by Unicode and thus included here.

43.Horn

Horn fås genom att skriva Shift-Ctrl-’'’ efter basbokstaven. Add horn by typing Shift-Ctrl-’'’ after the base character.

Ex.: ơ = o+Shift-Ctrl-’'’

Ex.: ŉ = n+Shift-Ctrl-’'’

Rem. 1: Horn kan endast fogas till varianter av o och u, t.ex. Ứ. Horn can be added only to variants of o and u, for example Ứ.

Rem. 2: Latin small letter n preceded by apostrophe is typed in the same way as horn.

44.Grav-akut efter bokstav / Grave-acute after base character

Separat (högerställd) låg/hög grav/akut accent (växling) åstadkoms genom att skriva Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’◌́’ efter basbokstaven. Toggle modifier letter low/high grave/acute accent by typing Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’◌́’ after the base character.

The successive Unicode names of the diacritics are: 1) modifier letter low grave accent, 2) modifier letter low acute accent, 3) modifier letter grave accent, 4) modifier letter acute accent.

Ex. 1: mˎ = m+Shift-Ctrl-Alt -’◌́’

Ex. 2: mˏ = m+Shift-Ctrl-Alt -’◌́◌́’

Ex. 3: mˋ = m+Shift-Ctrl-Alt -’◌́◌́◌́’

Ex. 4: ṣˊ = ṣ+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’◌́◌́◌́◌́’

45.Snedstreck / Stroke (diagonal)

Vissa tecken kan förses med snedstreck genom tecknet genom att skriva Ctrl--’/’ efter basbokstaven. For some characters, add a diagonal stroke (”slash overlay”) by typing Ctrl--’/’ after the base character.

Ex.: Ⱦ = T+Ctrl-’/’

Anm. 1/Rem.1: Bara för/only for aAcCeElLʟλmoOóÓᴑtT=←→0.

Rem. 2: For some characters it is possible to add a second stroke: ₮=T+Ctrl-‘//’.

46.Krok över / Hook above

Krok (hook) över bokstav tillfogas genom att skriva Shift-Alt-’?’ efter basbokstaven. Add Hook above by typing Shift-Alt-’?’ after the base character.

Ex.: ả = a+Shift-Alt-’?’

47.Bokstav över / Letter above

Bokstav över föregående bokstav erhålls genom att skriva den tänkta överbokstaven efter basbokstaven och trycka Ctrl-’3’. Combining letter above preceding letter is achieved by typing the ”above letter” after the base character and then typing Ctrl-’3’.

Ex. 1: cͤ = ce+Ctrl-’3’

Ex. 2: ʬ = ww+Ctrl-’3’

Anm./Rem.: Endast för ”ovanpåbokstäverna” acdehimortuvx. Särskilda tecken skapas genom kombinationerna EC, əI, əɪ, əʊ och ww. Only for the ”above letters” acdehimortuvx. Specific characters are achieved by the combinations EC, əI, əɪ, əʊ, and ww.

48.Digraf (ligature) / Digraph (ligature)

Vissa par (ibland 3) av tecken kan förenas till en digraf eller ligatur (ett enhetligt tecken) genom att första skriva de separata bokstäverna, sedan trycka Ctrl-’2’. Some pairs (sometimes three) of characters may be combined to a digraph or ligature (one single character) by writing the separate characters and then typing Ctrl-’2’.

Ex. 1: ʣ = dz+Ctrl-’2’

Ex. 2: ﬄ = ffl+Ctrl-’2’

Ex. 3: Ⅻ = XII+Ctrl-’2’

Anm./Rem.: Bara för/only for I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII L C D M i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii l c d m CD DD MM ae AE CE Cr db Dr dz Dz DZ dʒ dʑ dž Dž DŽ fŋ ffi ffl ff fi fl ij IJ lj Lj LJ ls lz lʒ nj Nj NJ No oe OE pf Pts qp qp Rs tɕ TM ts tʃ !! . .. ...

49.Asterisk below

Asterisk under bokstav erhålls genom att skriva Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’ efter basbokstaven. Combining asterisk below the base character is written by typing Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’ after the base character.

Ex.: a͙ = a+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’*’

50.Redaktionella tecken / Editorial signs

	tangenter \| key strokes	genväg \| shortcut	Unicode description
¡	!+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’		inverted exclamation mark
¿	?+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’		inverted question mark
ǃ	Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’!’		latin letter retroflex click (not to be confused with the exclamation mark)
‼	’!!’+Ctrl-’2’		double exclamation mark (digraph)
"	ʼ"’		quotation mark
”	ʼ"’+’"ʼ		right double quotation mark
“	ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ		left double quotation mark
‟	ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ		double high-reversed-9 quotation mark
„	ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ+ʼ"ʼ		double low-9 quotation mark
’	’'’+’'’		right single quotation mark
‘	’'’+’'’+’'’		left single quotation mark
‛	’'’+’'’+’'’+’'’		single high-reversed-9 quotation mark
‚	’'’+’'’+’'’+’'’+’'’		single low-9 quotation mark
«	’<<’		left-pointing double angle quotation mark (”French” left quotation mark)
‹	’<<<’		single left-pointing angle quotation mark
»	’>>’		right-pointing double angle quotation mark (”French” right quotation mark)
›	’>>>’		single right-pointing angle quotation mark
ʼ	Shift-Alt-’'’		modifier letter apostrophe (IPA: ejective consonant)
'	Shift-Alt-’'’+’'’	’'’	apostrophe
ʽ	Shift-Alt-’'’+’'’+’'’		modifier letter reversed comma
ʻ	Shift-Alt-’'’+’'’+’'’+’'’		modifier letter turned comma
′	Ctrl-’◌́’		prime
″	Ctrl-’◌́’+’◌́’		double prime
‴	Ctrl-’◌́’+’◌́’+’◌́’		triple prime
⁗	Ctrl-’◌́’+’◌́’+’◌́’+’◌́’		quadruple prime
‵	Shift-Ctrl-’◌́’		reversed prime
‶	Shift-Ctrl-’◌́’+’◌́’		reversed double prime
‷	Shift-Ctrl-’◌́’+’◌́’+’◌́’		reversed triple prime
ˎ	Shift-Ctrl-Alt -’◌́’		modifier letter low grave accent
ˏ	Shift-Ctrl-Alt -’◌́◌́’		modifier letter low acute accent
ˋ	Shift-Ctrl-Alt -’◌́◌́◌́’		modifier letter grave accent
ˊ	Shift-Ctrl-Alt -’◌́◌́◌́◌́’		modifier letter acute accent
	LALT ’-’		soft hyphen
–	’-’+’-’		en dash
—	’-’+’-’+’-ʼ		em dash
―	’-’+’-’+’-ʼ+’-ʼ		horisontal bar
․	’.’+Ctrl-’2’		one dot leader
‥	’..’+Ctrl-’2’		two dot leader
…	’...’+Ctrl-’2’		horizontal ellipsis
•	’BULLET ’		bullet
‣	’TRIANGLE ’ or ’TRIANGEL ’		triangular bullet
˹	Ctrl-ʼ8ʼ		modifier letter begin high tone
˺	Ctrl-ʼ9ʼ		modifier letter end high tone
˻	Shift-Ctrl-ʼ8ʼ		modifier letter begin low tone
˼	Shift-Ctrl-ʼ9ʼ		modifier letter end low tone
✓	’BOCK ’ or ’CHECK ’		check mark
†	’DOLK ’ or ’DAGGER ’		dagger
‡	’††’		double dagger
❍	’O’+Ctrl-’++++++’		shadowed white circle
�	’????’		replacement character
⟦	LAlt-’[[’		mathematical left white square bracket
⟧	LAlt-’]]’		mathematical right white square bracket
‸	Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’◌̂’		caret
¦	RAlt-’<’		broken bar
\|	LAlt-’<’		vertical line
‖	LAlt-’<<’		double vertical line
‗	Shift-Alt-’-’		double low line
ǀ	RAlt-’<<’		latin letter dental click
ǁ	RAlt-’<<<’		latin letter lateral click
ǂ	’=’+LAlt-’<’ (=\|)		latin letter alveolar click
→	ʼ->ʼ		rightwards arrow
←	ʼ<-ʼ		leftwards arrow
↘	ʼ→+ʼ		south east arrow
↓	ʼ→++ʼ		downwards arrow
↙	ʼ→+++ʼ		south west arrow
↖	ʼ←+ʼ		north west arrow
↑	ʼ←++ʼ		upwards arrow
↗	ʼ←+++ʼ		north east arrow
↔	’<->’		left right arrow
↕	’↔+’		up down arrow
↨	’↔+’+Ctrl-’-’		up down arrow with base
↚	’<-/’		leftwards arrow with stroke
↛	’->/’		rightwards arrow with stroke
⇒	ʼ=>ʼ		rightwards double arrow
⇐	ʼ<=ʼ		leftwards double arrow
⇓	ʼ⇒+ʼ		downwards double arrow
⇑	ʼ⇐+ʼ		upwards double arrow
⇔	’<=>’		left right double arrow
⇕	’⇔+’		up down double arrow
⁽	’(§§’		superscript left parenthesis
₍	’(§§§’		subscript left parenthesis
⁾	’)§§’		superscript right parenthesis
₎	’)§§§’		subscript right parenthesis
⁺	’+§’		superscript plus sign
₊	’+§§’		subscript plus sign
⁻	’-§’		superscript minus
₋	’-§§’		subscript minus
⁼	’=§’		superscript equals sign
₌	’=§§’		subscript equals sign
ꜝ	’!§’		modifier letter raised exclamation mark
ꜞ	!+Shift-Ctrl-Alt-’§’+’§’		modifier letter raised inverted exclamation mark

Note: single right quotation mark and apostrophe look graphically the same in Charis SIL, but are technically different characters (with distinct unicodes).

51.Matematiska symboler / Mathematical symbols

	tangenter \| key strokes	genväg \| shortcut	Unicode description
−	’MIN ’		minus sign
±	’+-’		plus-minus sign
∓	’-+’		minus-or-plus sign
÷	’-:’		division sign
×	’+’ + Shift-Ctrl-’+’		multiplication sign (rotate)
≡	’==’		identical to
꞊	‘===’		modifier letter short equals sign
≟	’=? ’		questioned equal to
≠	’=’+Ctrl-’/’		not equal to (slash)
≤	’=<’		less-than or equal to
≥	’>=’		greater-than or equal to
~	’ ’+Alt-’◌̃’		tilde
≈	’ ’+Alt-’◌̃◌̃’		almost equal to
∼	’TILDE ’		tilde operator
∞	8+Ctrl-’+’		infinity
√	’ROOT ’ or ’ROT ’		square root
∫	’INT ’		integral
∂	’DIFF ’		partial differential
∆	’INCR ’		increment
∑	’SUM ’		n-ary summation
∏	’PROD ’		n-ary product
∙	’MULT ’		middle dot
•	’BULLET ’		bullet operator
¬	’NOT ’ or RCtrl-RAlt-’-’		not sign
‰	’%%’		per mille sign
∅	Shift-Alt-’0’		empty set symbol
°	Shift-Alt-’o’		degree sign