GFF Ethiopic
The Geʾez Frontier Foundation Keyboard for the Ethiopic Orthographies of Eritrean and Ethiopian Languages
Introduction
This is an Ethiopic (Modern Geʾez) languages mnemonic input method. It requires a font supporting Ethiopic script under the Unicode 14 standard. The keyboard uses a phono-grapho “mnemonic” approach and is designed for the US English QWERTY keyboard. This means that the keyboard is designed to be intuitive and natural with respect to the sounds available in the English language via the standard English keyboard (known as QWERTY). The keyboard also supports some mnemonic mappings from non-English letters found on European keyboards.
A more complete typing manual is provided as a PDF file with this distribution.
Typing Letters
The keyboard provides mappings to allow all Ethiopic letters, punctuation, numerals, and special marks defined in the Unicode standard to be typed with relative ease. In total, some 523 symbols. No single language requires every available letter, thus this keyboard is not optimal for any particular language. Using a language-specific keyboard will be a better option if you do not have a multilingual typing need. Using a language-spefic keyboard will avoid the possibility of accidentally typing Basketto letters, for example, if your document language is only Amharic.
Special Notes:
- The keyboard prioritizes typing the letters in active use by some language, aka “Modern Geʾez” over the letters believed to be no longer in use by any language, aka “Legacy Geʾez”. The Modern Geʾez letters will accordingly be a little easier to type.
- Apostrophe, ' , is a terminator following a ሳድስ (6
th form) letter. For example: mel'ak becomes መልኣክ , melak becomes መላክ .
Modern Geʾez
ቤተሰብ | ካዕብ | ሣልስ | ግዕዝ | ራብዕ | ኃምስ | ሳድስ | ሳብዕ | ዘመደ፡ግዕዝ | ዘመደ፡ካዕብ | ዘመደ፡ሣልስ | ዘመደ፡ራብዕ | ዘመደ፡ኃምስ | ||
ቤተሰብ | Key | +[eE] | +[uU] | +[iI] | +[aA] | +[iI][eE] | +[oO] | +[uU][eE] | +[uU][iI] | +[uU][aA] | +[uU][iI][eE] | +[uU][uU] | ||
ሆይ | h | ሀ | ሁ | ሂ | ሃ | ሄ | ህ | ሆ | h | |||||
ላዊ | [lL] | ለ | ሉ | ሊ | ላ | ሌ | ል | ሎ | ሏ | l | ||||
ሐውት | H | ሐ | ሑ | ሒ | ሓ | ሔ | ሕ | ሖ | 𞟨 | 𞟩 | ሗ | 𞟪 | 𞟫 | ħ |
𞟠-ሐውት | HH | 𞟠 | 𞟡 | 𞟢 | 𞟣 | 𞟤 | 𞟥 | 𞟦 | ሗ | hʸ | ||||
ማይ | [mM] | መ | ሙ | ሚ | ማ | ሜ | ም | ሞ | ᎀ | 𞟭 | ሟ | 𞟮 | ᎃ | m |
ሠውት | ss | ሠ | ሡ | ሢ | ሣ | ሤ | ሥ | ሦ | ሧ | s | ||||
ርእስ | [rR] | ረ | ሩ | ሪ | ራ | ሬ | ር | ሮ | ሯ | r | ||||
ሳት | s | ሰ | ሱ | ሲ | ሳ | ሴ | ስ | ሶ | ሷ | s | ||||
ሻ-ሳት | [xX] | ሸ | ሹ | ሺ | ሻ | ሼ | ሽ | ሾ | ሿ | ʃ | ||||
ቃፍ | q | ቀ | ቁ | ቂ | ቃ | ቄ | ቅ | ቆ | ቈ | ቊ | ቋ | ቌ | ቍ | kʼ |
ቓ-ቃፍ | Q | ቐ | ቑ | ቒ | ቓ | ቔ | ቕ | ቖ | ቘ | ቊ | ቛ | ቜ | ቚ | ʁ |
ቤት | [bB] | በ | ቡ | ቢ | ባ | ቤ | ብ | ቦ | ᎄ | 𞟳 | ቧ | 𞟴 | ᎇ | b |
ቨ-ቤት | [vV] | ቨ | ቩ | ቪ | ቫ | ቬ | ቭ | ቮ | ቯ | v | ||||
ታው | t | ተ | ቱ | ቲ | ታ | ቴ | ት | ቶ | ቷ | t | ||||
ቻ-ታው | c | ቸ | ቹ | ቺ | ቻ | ቼ | ች | ቾ | ቿ | ʧ | ||||
ኀርም | hh | ኀ | ኁ | ኂ | ኃ | ኄ | ኅ | ኆ | ኈ | ኊ | ኋ | ኌ | ኍ | h |
ነሐስ | n | ነ | ኑ | ኒ | ና | ኔ | ን | ኖ | ኗ | n | ||||
ኘ-ነሐስ | N | ኘ | ኙ | ኚ | ኛ | ኜ | ኝ | ኞ | ኟ | ɲ | ||||
አልፍ | አ a | ኡ u | ኢ i | ኣ aa | ኤ ie | እ e | ኦ o | ኧ ee | ʔ | |||||
ካፍ | k | ከ | ኩ | ኪ | ካ | ኬ | ክ | ኮ | ኰ | ኲ | ኳ | ኴ | ኵ | k |
ኻ-ካፍ | K | ኸ | ኹ | ኺ | ኻ | ኼ | ኽ | ኾ | ዀ | ዂ | ዃ | ዄ | ዅ | x |
ወዌ | [wW] | ወ | ዉ | ዊ | ዋ | ዌ | ው | ዎ | w | |||||
ዐይን | ዐ A | ዑ Au/ U | ዒ Ai/ I | ዓ Aa | ዔ Aie Ie | ዕ Ae E | ዖ Ao O | ʕ | ||||||
ዘይ | z | ዘ | ዙ | ዚ | ዛ | ዜ | ዝ | ዞ | ዟ | z | ||||
ዠ-ዘይ | Z | ዠ | ዡ | ዢ | ዣ | ዤ | ዥ | ዦ | ዧ | ʒ | ||||
የመን | [yY] | የ | ዩ | ዪ | ያ | ዬ | ይ | ዮ | y | |||||
ድንት | d | ደ | ዱ | ዲ | ዳ | ዴ | ድ | ዶ | ዷ | d | ||||
ጀ-ድንት | [jJ] | ጀ | ጁ | ጂ | ጃ | ጄ | ጅ | ጆ | ጇ | ʤ | ||||
ገምል | g | ገ | ጉ | ጊ | ጋ | ጌ | ግ | ጎ | ጐ | ጒ | ጓ | ጔ | ጕ | g |
ጘ-ገምል | G | ጘ | ጙ | ጚ | ጛ | ጜ | ጝ | ጞ | ⶓ | ⶔ | ጟ | ⶕ | ⶖ | ŋ |
ጠይት | T | ጠ | ጡ | ጢ | ጣ | ጤ | ጥ | ጦ | ጧ | tʼ | ||||
ጨ-ጠይት | C | ጨ | ጩ | ጪ | ጫ | ጬ | ጭ | ጮ | ጯ | ʧʼ | ||||
ጰይት | P | ጰ | ጱ | ጲ | ጳ | ጴ | ጵ | ጶ | ጷ | pʼ | ||||
ጸደይ | S | ጸ | ጹ | ጺ | ጻ | ጼ | ጽ | ጾ | ጿ | sʼ | ||||
ፀጳ | SS | ፀ | ፁ | ፂ | ፃ | ፄ | ፅ | ፆ | sʼ | |||||
አፍ | [fF] | ፈ | ፉ | ፊ | ፋ | ፌ | ፍ | ፎ | ᎈ | 𞟻 | ፏ | 𞟼 | ᎋ | f |
ፕሳ | p | ፐ | ፑ | ፒ | ፓ | ፔ | ፕ | ፖ | ᎌ | 𞟽 | ፗ | 𞟾 | ᎏ | p |
+ə | +u | +i | +a | +e | ɨ/- | +o | +ʷə | +ʷu | +ʷi | +ʷa | +ʷe | IPA |
Legacy Geʾez
ቤተሰብ | ካዕብ | ሣልስ | ግዕዝ | ራብዕ | ኃምስ | ሳድስ | ሳብዕ | ሳምን | ዘመደ፡ግዕዝ | ዘመደ፡ካዕብ | ዘመደ፡ሣልስ | ዘመደ፡ራብዕ | ዘመደ፡ኃምስ | ዘመደ፡ያ | ||
ቤተሰብ | Key | +[eE] | +[uU] | +[iI] | +[aA] | +[iI][eE] | +[oO] | +[oO][oO] | +[uU][eE] | +[uU][iI][iI] | +[uU][aA] | +[uU][iI][iI][eE] | +[uU][uU] | +Y | ||
ሆይ | h | ሇ | h | |||||||||||||
ላዊ | [lL] | ⶀ | l | |||||||||||||
ማይ | [mM] | ⶁ | ᎁ | ᎂ | ፙ | m | ||||||||||
ርእስ | [rR] | ⶂ | ፘ | r | ||||||||||||
ሳት | s | ⶃ | s | |||||||||||||
ꬃ-ሳት | sss | ꬁ | ꬂ | ꬃ | ꬄ | ꬅ | ꬆ | ts | ||||||||
ሻ-ሳት | [xX] | ⶄ | š | |||||||||||||
ⶣ-ሳት | [xX][xX] | ⶠ | ⶡ | ⶢ | ⶣ | ⶤ | ⶥ | ⶦ | ʂ | |||||||
ቃፍ | q | ቇ | q | |||||||||||||
ⷃ-ቃፍ | Q | ⷀ | ⷁ | ⷂ | ⷃ | ⷄ | ⷅ | ⷆ | ḳʸ | |||||||
ቤት | [bB] | ⶅ | ᎅ | ᎆ | b | |||||||||||
ታው | c | ⶆ | t | |||||||||||||
ቻ-ታው | c | ⶇ | č | |||||||||||||
ⶫ-ታው | cc | ⶨ | ⶩ | ⶪ | ⶫ | ⶬ | ⶭ | ⶮ | tʂ | |||||||
ኀርም | hh | ኇ | ŋ | |||||||||||||
ነሐስ | n | ⶈ | n | |||||||||||||
ኘ-ነሐስ | N | ⶉ | ñ | |||||||||||||
አልፍ | ⶊ | ʔ | ||||||||||||||
ካፍ | k | ኯ | k | |||||||||||||
ⷋ-ካፍ | kk | ⷈ | ⷉ | ⷊ | ⷋ | ⷌ | ⷍ | ⷎ | kʸ | |||||||
ⷓ-ካፍ | KK | ⷐ | ⷑ | ⷒ | ⷓ | ⷔ | ⷕ | ⷖ | xʸ | |||||||
ወዌ | [wW] | ዏ | w | |||||||||||||
ዘይ | Z | ⶋ | z | |||||||||||||
ꬑ-ዘይ | zz | ꬑ | ꬒ | ꬓ | ꬔ | ꬕ | ꬖ | dz | ||||||||
ⶰ-ዘይ | Z | ⶰ | ⶱ | ⶲ | ⶳ | ⶴ | ⶵ | ⶶ | ʐ | |||||||
የመን | [yY] | ዯ | y | |||||||||||||
ድንት | d | ⶌ | d | |||||||||||||
ዸ-ድንት | D | ዸ | ዹ | ዺ | ዻ | ዼ | ዽ | ዾ | ⶍ | ḍ | ||||||
ꬉ-ድንት | DD | ꬉ | ꬊ | ꬋ | ꬌ | ꬍ | ꬎ | ɗ | ||||||||
ጀ-ድንት | [jJ] | ⶎ | ǧ | |||||||||||||
ገምል | g | ጏ | g | |||||||||||||
ⷘ-ገምል | gg | ⷘ | ⷙ | ⷚ | ⷛ | ⷜ | ⷝ | ⷞ | gʸ | |||||||
ጠይት | T | ⶏ | ṭ | |||||||||||||
ጨ-ጠይት | C | ⶐ | č̣ | |||||||||||||
ⶸ-ጠይት | CC | ⶸ | ⶹ | ⶺ | ⶻ | ⶼ | ⶽ | ⶾ | cʼ | |||||||
ꬠ-ጠይት | CCC | ꬠ | ꬡ | ꬢ | ꬣ | ꬤ | ꬥ | ꬦ | tʂʼ | |||||||
ꬨ-ጸደይ | SSS | ꬨ | ꬩ | ꬪ | ꬫ | ꬬ | ꬭ | ꬮ | ɓ | |||||||
ጰይት | P | ⶑ | p̣ | |||||||||||||
ፀጳ | SS | ፇ | ṣ | |||||||||||||
አፍ | [fF] | ᎉ | ᎊ | ፚ | f | |||||||||||
ፕሳ | p | ⶒ | ᎍ | ᎎ | p | |||||||||||
+ə | +u | +i | +a | +e | ɨ/- | +o | +ɔ | +ʷə | +ʷu | +ʷi | +ʷa | +ʷe | +ija | IPA |
Modern Gurage Shapes
Modern Gurage uses some letter shapes that modify the traditional Geʾez shapes used by other languages. Both can be typed, but priority is given to the Geʾez shapes. In these cases when two shapes are available, the Gurage shape can be typed by adding an extra vowel as shown in the table below:
Geʾez Shape | ቊ qui | ቌ quie | ቍ quu | ኲ kui | ኴ kuie | ኵ kuu | ጒ gui | ጔ guie | ጕ guu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Modern Gurage Shape | 𞟰 quii | 𞟱 quiie | 𞟲 quuu | 𞟵 kuii | 𞟶 kuiie | 𞟷 kuuu | 𞟸 guii | 𞟹 guiie | 𞟺 guuu |
Consonant and Vowel Marks
Dots can be added above letters to indicate a stressed vowel or consonant using
አባ CTRL . | ⇒ | አባ፞ (“abaa”, “a” is stressed) |
አባ፞ CTRL . | ⇒ | አባ፟ (“abba”, “b” is stressed) |
አባ፟ CTRL . | ⇒ | አባ፝ (“abbaa”, “b” and “a” are stressed) |
Punctuation
Ethiopic Punctuation
Keystrokes | , | :: | ,, | ; | ;; | :- | :+ | :# | ?? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Punctuation | ፡ | ። | ፥ | ፣ | ፤ | ፦ | ፠ | ፨ | ፧ |
Period, ‘.’ may also be used to enter ‘።’. When a number follows ‘፡’, ‘፣’ and ‘።’ they will change back to their Latin form automatically. For example:
12።50 ⇒ 12.50
12፡50 ⇒ 12:50
Keyboard Punctuation
All regular punctuation on your keyboard remains available. Most punctuation can be typed with a single keystroke as usual. Those used to input Ethiopic symbols can be entered by hitting the punctuation key two or more times until it appears.
Typing Numerals
Ethiopic Numerals
Keystrokes | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | #7 | #8 | #9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numeral | ፩ | ፪ | ፫ | ፬ | ፭ | ፮ | ፯ | ፰ | ፱ |
Keystrokes | #10 | #20 | #30 | #40 | #50 | #60 | #70 | #80 | #90 |
Numeral | ፲ | ፳ | ፴ | ፵ | ፶ | ፷ | ፸ | ፹ | ፺ |
Keystrokes | #100 | #1000 | #10000 | ||||||
Numeral | ፻ | ፲፻ | ፼ |
Numeral composition will continue as 0s are entered up to ፼፼ (100,000,000).
Typing Zaima Qirts (የዜማ፡ቅርጽ፡)
ይዘት | ኅጺር፡ርክርክ | ርክርክ | ቁርጥ | ደረት | ድፋት | ጭረት | ቅናት | ሒደት | ደረት፡ሒደት | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Keystrokes | _1 | _2 | _3 | _4 | _5 | _6 | _7 | _8 | _9 | _0 |
Qurts | ᎐ | ᎓ | ᎒ | ᎙ | ᎑ | ᎔ | ᎖ | ᎕ | ᎗ | ᎘ |
When typing ‘_’ the following menu will appear:
License
This keyboard is copyright © Geʾez Frontier Foundation. It is distributed under the MIT free software license:
The MIT License (MIT)Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. |