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Lac Viet keyboard for Ŧaư-Chuậng (Zhuang script in Chữ Quốc Ngữ system) Chữ Quốc Ngữ tiếng Choang.壯語國語字
This script is an innovative romanization form that adopted Chữ Quốc Ngữ system to represent the Zhuang speak (Vạ-Chuậng).
Alphabet
| letter | name | pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| a | a | [aː ] |
| â | â | [a] |
| ây | ây | [ai] |
| b | bê/bơ | [ɓ] |
| c | sê/cơ | [k] |
| ch | chơ | [ɕ] |
| d | dơ | [j] |
| đ | đê/đơ | [ɗ] |
| e | e | [ɛ] |
| ê | ê | [e] |
| f | e-ph/fơ | [f] |
| g | gê/gơ | [ɣ] |
| h | ha | [h] |
| i | i | [i] [ʲ] |
| iê | iê | [iː ] |
| j | ji | [ʒ] |
| k | ka | [k] |
| kh | kha | [kʰ] |
| l | e-l/lơ | [l] |
| m | em/mơ | [m] |
| n | en/nơ | [n] |
| ng | ngơ | [ŋ] |
| nh | nhơ | [ȵ] |
| o | o | [ɔː] [o] |
| ô | ô | [oː ] |
| ơ | ơ | [ə] |
| p | pê/pơ | [p] |
| ph | phơ | [pʰ] |
| q | qui | [kʷ] |
| r | e-r/rơ | [ɹ] |
| s | e-s/sơ | [s] |
| t | tê/tơ | [t] |
| ŧ | ŧơ | [θ] [ɬ] |
| ț | țơ | [ʦ] [ʨ] |
| tx | txơ | [ʦʰ] [ʨʰ] |
| u | u | [uː ] [u] |
| uâ | uâ | [uː ] |
| ư | ư | [ɯ] |
| ươ | ươ | [ɯː ] |
| v | vê/vơ | [β] |
| w | wơ | [w] |
| x | ek-s | [s] |
| y | ei-grek | [ei] |
| z | zet | [z] |
Phonologic Map
Consonants
| Vạ-Chuậng | IPA | Vahcuengh Standardized Zhuang |
|---|---|---|
| p | [p] | b |
| b | [ɓ] | mb |
| m | [m] | m |
| f | [f] | f |
| v | [β] | v |
| t | [t] | d |
| th | [tʰ] | |
| đ | [ɗ] | nd |
| đo | [ɗʷ] | |
| n | [n] | n |
| ŧ | [θ] | s |
| ŧo | [θʷ] | |
| l | [l] | l |
| k/c | [k] | g |
| qu | [kʷ] | gw |
| ng/ngh | [ŋ] | ng |
| h | [h] | h |
| g/gh | [ɣ] | r |
| r | [ɹ] | |
| ch | [ɕ] | c |
| cho | [ɕʷ] | |
| s | [s] | |
| d | [j] | y |
| nh | [ȵ] | ny |
| ngo | [ŋʷ] | ngv |
| pi | [pʲ] | by |
| phi | [pʰʲ] | |
| ki | [kʲ] | gy |
| khi | [kʰʲ] | |
| kho | [kʰʷ] | |
| mi | [mʲ] | my |
| ț | [ʦ] [ʨ] | |
| țo | [ʦʷ] [ʨʷ] | |
| tx | [ʦʰ] [ʨʰ] | |
| txo | [ʦʰʷ] [ʨʰʷ] | |
| ti | [tʲ] | |
| / | [ʔ] | / |
| o | [ʔw] | |
| w | [w] |
The consonant [k] is spelled as the letter "k" when it appears before the vowel letters "e, ê, i, y". When it appears before the vowel letters "â, ă, u, ư, ô, ơ", it is spelled as the letter "c".
The consonant [ɣ] is spelled as the letter "gh" when it appears before the vowel letters "e, ê, i, y". When it appears before the vowel letters "â, ă, u, ư, ô, ơ", it is spelled as the letter "g".
The consonant [ŋ] is spelled as the letter "ngh" when it appears before the vowel letters "e, ê, i, y". When it appears before the vowel letters "â, ă, u, ư, ô, ơ", it is spelled as the letter "ng".
The consonants in yellow background exist in Zhuang dialects other than Nàm-Nình dialect.
Vowels and End Consonants
| Vạ-Chuậng | a | ê | e | ie | i | ô | o | uâ | u | ưa | ư | ơ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː ] a | [eː ] e | [ɛ: ] | [iɛ] ie | [iː ] i | [oː ] o | [ɔː ] | [uə] ue | [uː ] u | [ɯə] | [ɯː ] w | [ə] | ||
| Vạ-Chuậng | ai | ây | y | ôi | uôi | ui | ươi | ưi | ơi | |||||
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː i] ai | [ai] ae | [ei] y | [oː i] oi | [uː i] ui | [ui] | [ɯː i] wi | [ɯi] | [əi] | |||||
| Vạ-Chuậng | ao | âu | êu | eo | iêu | ieo | ou | |||||||
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː u] ao | [au] aeu | [eː u] eu | [ɛː u] | [iː u] iu | [iɛu] | [ou] ou | |||||||
| Vạ-Chuậng | aư | |||||||||||||
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aɯ]aw | |||||||||||||
| Vạ-Chuậng | am | âm | êm | em | iêm | iem | im | ôm | om | uâm | um | |||
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː m] am | [am] aem | [eː m] em | [ɛː m] | [iː m] iem | [iɛm] | [im] im | [oː m] om | [om] oem | [uː m] oam | [um] um | |||
| Vạ-Chuậng | an | ân | ên | en | iên | ien | in | ôn | on | uân | un | ươn | ưn | ơn |
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː n] an | [an] aen | [eː n] en | [ɛː n] | [iː n] ien | [iɛn] | [in] in | [oː n] on | [on] oen | [uː n] oan | [un] un | [ɯː n] wen | [ɯn] wn | [ən] |
| Vạ-Chuậng | ang | âng | êng | eng | iêng | ieng | inh | ông | ong | uâng | ung | ưng | ơng | |
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː ŋ] ang | [aŋ] aeng | [eː ŋ] eng | [ɛː ŋ] | [iː ŋ] ieng | [iɛŋ] | [iŋ] ing | [oː ŋ] ong | [oŋ] oeng | [uː ŋ] oang | [uŋ] un | [ɯŋ] wng | [əŋ] | |
| Vạ-Chuậng | ap | âp | êp | ep | iêp | iep | ip | ôp | op | uâp | up | |||
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː p̚] ap | [ap̚] aep | [eː p̚] ep | [ɛː p̚] | [iː p̚] iep | [iɛp̚] | [ip̚] ip | [oː p̚] op | [op̚] oep | [uː p̚] oap | [up̚] up | |||
| Vạ-Chuậng | at | ât | êt | et | iêt | iet | it | ôt | ot | uât | ut | ươt | ưt | ơt |
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː t̚] at | [at̚] aet | [eː t̚] et | [ɛː t̚] | [iː t̚] iet | [iɛt̚] | [it̚] it | [oː t̚] ot | [ot̚] oet | [uː t̚] oat | [ut̚] ut | [ɯː t̚] wet | [ɯt̚] wt | [ət̚] |
| Vạ-Chuậng | ac | âc | êc | ec | iêc | iec | ich | ôc | oc | uâc | uc | ưc | ơc | |
| IPA&Vahcuengh | [aː k̚] ak | [ak̚] aek | [eː k̚] ek | [ɛː k̚] | [iː k̚] iek | [iɛk̚] | [ik̚] ik | [oː k̚] ok | [ok̚] oek | [uː k̚] oak | [uk̚] uk | [ɯk̚] wk | [ək̚] |
The e-, iê-, ơ- vowels in the vowel combiniations or vowel and end consonant combinations are variants of ê-, iê-, ư- in some Zhuang accents.
Long Vowels and Short Vowels
| Long vowels | a | ê/e | iê/ie | ô | uâ | ươ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short vowels | â | i | o | u | ư/ơ |
Tones
| Tone Types | Vạ-Chuậng | Value | Example | Vahcuengh Standard Zhuang |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| high level | a | ˨˦ | ŧôn | / |
| low level | à | ˧˩ | mừng | z |
| high rising | ả | ˥ | hủn | j |
| low rising | ã | ˦˨ | mã | x |
| high falling | á | ˧˥ | quá | q |
| low falling | ạ | ˧ | tạ | h |
| short vowel unvoiced entering | ẩ | ˥ | tẩp | ae(p/t/k) |
| long vowel unvoiced entering | á | ˧˥ | táp | a(p/t/k) |
| short vowel voiced entering | ậ | ˧ | tập | ae(b/d/g) |
| long vowel voiced entering | a | ˧˦ | cap | a(b/d/g) |
Input of Specific Alphabet
| Character | Keyboard Input |
|---|---|
| ă | aw |
| â | aa |
| đ | dd |
| ê | ee |
| iê | ii |
| ô | oo |
| ơ | ow |
| ŧ | ss |
| ț | tt |
| ư | uw |
| ươ | uow |
Tonal diacritics
| Tone | Keys added to syllable | Sample input | Sample output |
|---|---|---|---|
| high level | nothing | ssoon | ŧôn |
| low level | f | muwngf | mừng |
| high falling | s | quas | quá |
| high rising | r | hunr | hủn |
| low rising | x | max | mã |
| low falling | j | taj | tạ |
Punctuation and Capitalization piao-tiển vù-ğạo tăh đọ-sỉa
A space " " should be added betweem each words.
The first letter in one sentence should be capitalized.
The first letter in a proper noun such as the name of a particular person and place should be capitalized.
In an acronym, the first letter of each syllable should be capitalized, and a period "." can be added behind each capitalized letter.
In a multi-syllable single word, the space " " should be added between each syllable.
In a multi-syllable combined word, the hyphen "-" can be added between each syllable for avoid confusion.
In compound vowel and vowel with end consonant in loanword or certain accent, the hyphen "-" can be added between vowels or added between vowel and end consonant to mark the sounds out and avoid misreading.
Other uses of punctuation are similar with English and Vietnamese.
If more than one tone marking key is pressed, the last one will be used. For example, typing asf will return "à". To write a tone marking key as a normal character, one has to press it twice: her becomes hẻ, while herr becomes her.
Sample
Pỗ-Pỗ ma tầng lả-pưn chộ mì chư-dồ, chun-hiền chấu kền-li pỗ-pỗ pình-tẩng. Kióng vùn mì lỉ-ŧinh chấu liềng-ŧim, ưng-tang tại kióng de lủm pỹ-nuẫng ít-dệng.
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