Sanskrit ISO-15919 Phonetic (OPTITRANS)
Description
Sanskrit ISO-15919 Phonetic (OPTITRANS) keyboard is ISO 15919 romanization input method by a modified version of OPTITRANS and Harvard-Kyoto transliteration systems.
You can use all the standard ITRANS key sequences plus key sequences such as the below.
nk->ṅk, nkh->ṅkh, ng->ṅg, ngh->ṅgh nch->ñc, nCh->ñch, nc->ñc, nC->ñch, nchh->ñch, nj->ñj, njh->ñjh, nT->ṇṭ, nTh->ṇṭh, nD->ṇḍ, nDh->ṇḍh c->c, C->ch, z->z, S->ṣ, jn->jñ, R->r̥
Examples: Type saMskRta for saṃskṛta.
Details
- The closely related m17n keyboard here
- The motivation behind some basic additions made to the basic ITRANS scheme is described here, along with a tabulated comparison with several other transliteration schemes.
Consonants
The following table shows the English letters to type to get ISO 15919 letters. e.g. type k for k, ka for ka, R for r̥, RR for r̥̄, LLi for l̥, etc.
| k | ka | kh | Ka/kha | g | ga | gh | Ga/gha | ṅ | ~Na | ||||
| c | ca/cha | ch | Ca/Cha | j | ja | jh | Ja/jha | ñ | ~na | ||||
| ṭ | Ta | ṭh | Tha | ḍ | Da | ḍh | Dha | ṇ | Na | ||||
| t | ta | th | tha | d | da | dh | dha | n | na | ||||
| p | pa | ph | pha | b | ba | bh | bha | m | ma | ||||
| y | ya | r | ra | l | la | ḷ | La | v | va/wa | ||||
| ś | sha | ṣ | Sa/Sha | s | sa | h | ha | k | k | ||||
| kṣ | xa/kSa | ṛ | .r | ḻ | LH | z | z | f | f |
Vowels and Vowel Signs
In the following table, vowels on their own and vowels combined with the consonant 'k' are shown in OPTITRANS transliteration scheme on the top two rows. The third row shows ISO 15919 vowels. The fourth row shows the vowel combined with the consonant 'k'. 'ka' needs no special key sequence, as the vowel 'a' is simply typed after the consonant.
Unlike the Indic-script versions of this keyboard, every key sequence below directly produces complete Latin letters; there are no bare vowel signs.
| a | aa/A | i | ii/I | u | uu/U | R | RR | LL^i | LL^I | e | ai | o | Au/aau | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | ka | aa | kA | i | ki | ii | kI | u | ku | uu | kU | R | kR | RR | kRR | LLi | kLLi | LLI | kLLI | e | ke | ai | kai | o | ko | au | kau |
| a | a | ā | ā | i | i | ī | ī | u | u | ū | ū | r̥ | r̥ | r̥̄ | r̥̄ | l̥ | l̥ | l̥̄ | l̥̄ | ē | ē | ai | ai | ō | ō | au | au |
| a | ka | ā | kā | i | ki | ī | kī | u | ku | ū | kū | r̥ | kr̥ | r̥̄ | kr̥̄ | l̥ | kl̥ | l̥̄ | kl̥̄ | ē | kē | ai | kai | ō | kō | au | kau |
The following table shows the same consonants again, each with the inherent vowel a.
| k | ka | kh | Ka/kha | g | ga | gh | Ga/gha | ṅ | ~Na | ||||
| c | ca/cha | ch | Ca/Cha | j | ja | jh | Ja/jha | ñ | ~na | ||||
| ṭ | Ta | ṭh | Tha | ḍ | Da | ḍh | Dha | ṇ | Na | ||||
| t | ta | th | tha | d | da | dh | dha | n | na | ||||
| p | pa | ph | pha | b | ba | bh | bha | m | ma | ||||
| y | ya | r | ra | l | la | ḷ | La | v | va/wa | ||||
| ś | sha | ṣ | Sa/Sha | s | sa | h | ha | k | k | ||||
| kṣ | xa/kSa | ṛ | .r | ḻ | LH | z | z | f | f |
Perso-Arabic and other loans
Nukta loans of Perso-Arabic origin are typed with a leading .; Y also has a bare key. Output is Romanized (ISO 15919).
| q | .k | ġ | .g | z | .j | ṛ | .D / .r | ẏ | .y / Y |
Consonantal Diacritics
Arranged with the vowels are two consonantal diacritics, the final nasal anusvāra ṃ M and the final fricative visarga ḥ H (called aṃ and aḥ). Another diacritic used in transcribing other languages is the candrabindu/anunāsika m̐ .N (am̐). These consonantal diacritics follow the vowel signs including the implicit `a`. The following table shows consonant `k` followed by various vowels and the consonantal diacritics ṃ and ḥ.
| ka | kA | ki | kI | ku | kU | kR | kRR | kLLi | kLLI | kai/kE | kAi | kau/kO | kAu | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | kṃ | kāṃ | kiṃ | kīṃ | kuṃ | kūṃ | kr̥ṃ | kr̥̄ṃ | kl̥ṃ | kl̥̄ṃ | kēṃ | kaiṃ | kōṃ | kauṃ |
| H | kḥ | kāḥ | kiḥ | kīḥ | kuḥ | kūḥ | kr̥ḥ | kr̥̄ḥ | kl̥ḥ | kl̥̄ḥ | kēḥ | kaiḥ | kōḥ | kauḥ |
| .N | km̐ | kām̐ | kim̐ | kīm̐ | kum̐ | kūm̐ | kr̥m̐ | kr̥̄m̐ | kl̥m̐ | kl̥̄m̐ | kēm̐ | kaim̐ | kōm̐ | kaum̐ |
Conjuncts
There are no conjuncts in romanization: k t simply produces kt.
No virama
Romanization has no halanta to mark, so the .h sequence from the Indic-script versions does nothing special here: it produces the literal text .h.
Punctuation
| Key | Output Character | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| ... | ॰ | Devanagari Abbreviation Sign |
| .. | । | DanDaa |
| ,. | ॥ | Double DanDaa |
| -- | – | En Dash |
| --- | — | Em Dash |
Numbers
- Press the number keys to type Arabic digits directly. For example 9 produces 9.
Special Symbols
| Key | Output Character | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| OM | ōṁ | OM |
| .a | ’ | AVAGRAHA |
Commonly used Vedic Accents
| Key | Output Character | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| !! | ́ | COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT (UDATTA) |
| ''' | ̋ | COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE (SVATANTRA SVARITA, approximate) |
| _ | ̀ | COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (ANUDATTA) |
| pH | ḫ | VEDIC SIGN UPADHMANIYA |
| kH | ẖ | VEDIC SIGN JIHVAMULIYA |
| '' | ́ | COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT (UDATTA) |


